"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the\n",
"fact that if $X \\sim U(0, 1)$ and $Y \\sim U(0, 1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 \\le 1] = \\pi/4$ (see [\"Monte Carlo method\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method))\n",
"2 + Y\n",
"2 ≤ 1] = π/4 (see \"Monte Carlo method\"\n",
"on Wikipedia). The following code uses this approach:"