Commit ddbddbbe authored by Jamal KHAN's avatar Jamal KHAN

Fix formatting exo1

parent 8663c42c
#+TITLE: On the computation of pi #+TITLE: On the computation of pi
#+AUTHOR: Jamal KHAN
#+DATE: 2020-09-13
#+LANGUAGE: en #+LANGUAGE: en
# #+PROPERTY: header-args :eval never-export
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/htmlize.css"/> #+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/htmlize.css"/>
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/readtheorg.css"/> #+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/readtheorg.css"/>
...@@ -11,8 +8,11 @@ ...@@ -11,8 +8,11 @@
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/js/readtheorg.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/js/readtheorg.js"></script>
#+PROPERTY: header-args :eval never-export
* Asking the maths library * Asking the maths library
My computer tells me that $\pi$ is /approximatively/ My computer tells me that $\pi$ is /approximatively/
#+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports both #+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports both
pi pi
#+end_src #+end_src
...@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ pi ...@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ pi
: [1] 3.141593 : [1] 3.141593
* Buffon's needle * Buffon's needle
Applying the method of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%2527s_needle_problem][Buffon's needle]] we get the *approximation* Applying the method of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%2527s_needle_problem][Buffon's needle]], we get the *approximation*
#+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports results #+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports results
set.seed(42) set.seed(42)
N = 100000 N = 100000
...@@ -34,10 +35,7 @@ theta = pi/2*runif(N) ...@@ -34,10 +35,7 @@ theta = pi/2*runif(N)
: [1] 3.14327 : [1] 3.14327
* Using a surface fraction argument * Using a surface fraction argument
A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the $\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X\simU(0,1)$ and $Y\simU(0,1)$, then $P[X^2+Y^2 \le1]=\pi/4$ (see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method]["Monte Carlo method" on Wikipedia]]). The following code uses this approach:
$\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X\simU(0,1)$ and
$Y\simU(0,1)$, then $P[X^2+Y^2 \le1]=\pi/4$ (see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method]["Monte Carlo method" on
Wikipedia]]). The following code uses this approach:
#+begin_src R :results output graphics :file figure_pi_mc1.png :exports both :width 600 :height 400 :session *R* #+begin_src R :results output graphics :file figure_pi_mc1.png :exports both :width 600 :height 400 :session *R*
set.seed(42) set.seed(42)
...@@ -51,8 +49,7 @@ ggplot(df, aes(x=X, y=Y, color=Accept)) + geom_point(alpha=.2) + coord_fixed() + ...@@ -51,8 +49,7 @@ ggplot(df, aes(x=X, y=Y, color=Accept)) + geom_point(alpha=.2) + coord_fixed() +
#+RESULTS: #+RESULTS:
[[file:figure_pi_mc1.png]] [[file:figure_pi_mc1.png]]
It is then straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation It is then straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation to \pi by counting how many times, on average, $X^2 + Y^2$ is smaller than 1:
to \pi by counting how many times, on average, $X^2 + Y^2$ is smaller than 1:
#+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports both #+begin_src R :results output :session *R* :exports both
4*mean(df$Accept) 4*mean(df$Accept)
#+end_src #+end_src
......
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