"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the fact that if X ∼ U(0,1) and Y ∼ U(0,1), then P[$X^2$ + $Y^2$ ≤ 1] = $\\pi/4$ (see [\"Monte Carlo method\" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method?). The following code uses this approach:"