diff --git a/module2/exo1/toy_notebook_fr.ipynb b/module2/exo1/toy_notebook_fr.ipynb index 0bbbe371b01e359e381e43239412d77bf53fb1fb..8e1715e0944c9a927e2669f6afe3ec4a657fbb67 100644 --- a/module2/exo1/toy_notebook_fr.ipynb +++ b/module2/exo1/toy_notebook_fr.ipynb @@ -1,5 +1,154 @@ { - "cells": [], + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# toy_notebook_fr" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": { + "hideOutput": true + }, + "source": [ + "March 28, 2019" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## A propos du calcul de *π*" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### En demandant à la lib maths\n", + "Mon ordinateur m'indique que *π* vaut *approximativement*" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 4, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "ename": "SyntaxError", + "evalue": "invalid syntax (, line 1)", + "output_type": "error", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[0;36m File \u001b[0;32m\"\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m In[1] : from $\\math$ import *\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "In[1] : from $\\math$ import *\n", + " 'print(pi)'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "##### En utilisant la méthode des aiguilles de Buffon\n", + "Mais calculé avec la **méthode** des [aiguilles de Buffon](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiguille_de_Buffon), on obtiendrait comme **approximation** :" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "ename": "SyntaxError", + "evalue": "invalid syntax (, line 1)", + "output_type": "error", + "traceback": [ + "\u001b[0;36m File \u001b[0;32m\"\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m In[2]:import numpy as np\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n" + ] + } + ], + "source": [ + "In[2]:import numpy as np\n", + "np.random.seed(see=42)\n", + "N=10000\n", + "x - np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n", + "theta=np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=pi/2)\n", + "2/(sum(x+np.sin(theta))>1/N)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Avec un argument \"fréquentiel\" de surface\n", + "Sinon une méthode plus simple à comprendre et ne faisant par intervenir d'appel à la fonction sinus se base sur le fait si X ~U(0,1) alors P[X²+Y²<=1] = pi/4 (voir [méthode de Monte Carlo sur Wikipedia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_de_Monte-Carlo#D%C3%A9termination_de_la_valeur_de_%CF%80)). Le code suivant illustre ce fait : " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "in[3] %matplotlib inline\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "np.random.seed(seed=42)\n", + "N=1000\n", + "x=np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n", + "y=np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n", + "accept=(x*x+y*y)<=1\n", + "reject=np.logical_not(accept)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "fig, ax=plt.subplots(1)\n", + "ax.scatter(x[accept], y[accept], c='b', alpha=0,2, edgecolor=None)\n", + "ax.scatter(x[reject], y[reject], c='r', alpha=0,2, edgecolor=None)\n", + "ax.set_aspect('equal')" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Il est alors aisé d'obtenir une approximation (pas terrible) de *π* en comptant combien de fois, en moyenne, X²+Y² est inférieur à 1 : " + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "In [4] 4*np.mean(accept)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [] + } + ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", @@ -16,10 +165,9 @@ "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.6.3" + "version": "3.6.4" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 } -