"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the fact that if *X* ∼ *U*(0, 1) and *Y* ∼ *U*(0, 1), then *P[X$^2$ + Y$^2$ ≤ 1] = $\\pi$/4* (see [\"Monte Carlo method\"on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach:"