diff --git a/module2/exo1/toy_document_en.Rmd b/module2/exo1/toy_document_en.Rmd index 13b258ddd0da29bc3bf08c64b6a1db742f6d5409..db540b403c29bfbf9bb5ee45e657c0ed94ba1df6 100644 --- a/module2/exo1/toy_document_en.Rmd +++ b/module2/exo1/toy_document_en.Rmd @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ --- -title: "Your title" -author: "Your name" -date: "Today's date" +title: "On the computation of pi" +author: "El hassane Nour" +date: "November 1st, 2022" output: html_document --- @@ -10,16 +10,41 @@ output: html_document knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE) ``` -## Some explanations -This is an R Markdown document that you can easily export to HTML, PDF, and MS Word formats. For more information on R Markdown, see . +## Asking the maths library +My computer tells me that $\pi$ is approximatively +```{r pi} +pi +``` + + +##Buffon’s needle +Applying the method of [Buffon’s needle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%27s_needle_problem), we get the approssimazione +```{r Buffon} +set.seed(42) +N = 100000 +x = runif(N) +theta = pi/2*runif(N) +2/(mean(x+sin(theta)>1)) +``` -When you click on the button **Knit**, the document will be compiled in order to re-execute the R code and to include the results into the final document. As we have shown in the video, R code is inserted as follows: -```{r cars} -summary(cars) +##Using a surface fraction argument +A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the $\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X \sim U(0,1)$ and $Y \sim U(0,1)$, then $P[X^2+Y^2 \le 1]=\pi / 4 (see [“Monte Carlo method” on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach: +```{r surface-frac} +set.seed(42) +N = 1000 +df = data.frame(X = runif(N), Y = runif(N)) +df$Accept = (df$X**2 + df$Y**2 <=1) +library(ggplot2) +ggplot(df, aes(x=X,y=Y,color=Accept)) + geom_point(alpha=.2) + coord_fixed() + theme_bw() +``` +It is therefore straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation to \pi by counting how many times, on average, $X^2 + Y^2$ is smaller than 1 : +```{r surface-frac2} +4*mean(df$Accept) ``` + It is also straightforward to include figures. For example: ```{r pressure, echo=FALSE}