"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the fact that if $ X \\sim U(0,1) $ and $ Y \\sim U(0,1) $ then $ P[X^2 + Y^2 \\le 1] = \\pi/4 $(see [\"Monte Carlo method\" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach:"
"It is then straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation of $ \\pi $ by counting how many times, on average, $ X^2 + Y^2 $ is smaller than 1:"
