"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the\n",
"fact that if X ∼ U(0, 1) and Y ∼ U(0, 1), then P[$X^2$ + $Y^2$ ≤ 1] = $\\pi$/4 (see [\"Monte Carlo method\" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach:"