"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the\n",
"fact that if X ∼ U(0, 1) and Y ∼ U(0, 1), then P[X<sup>2</sup> + Y<sup>2</sup> ≤ 1] = 𝜋/4 (see [\"Monte Carlo method\" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach:\n"
"It is then straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation to 𝜋 by counting how many times, on average, X<sup>2</sup> + Y<sup>2</sup> is smaller than 1:\n"