Début module 3 et essais notebooks

journal/Journal-de-bord_MOOC-RR_Marc-Oudart_2.Rmd

@@ -226,7 +226,16 @@ Tout est dans le dossier des modules 2.
 Notamment le fichier de l'exercice 4.  
   
 - Exercice 5 :  
+Done dans le dossier associé.  
 
+# Module 3 : La main à la pate - une analyse réplicable
+## L'étude de cas : Grippe
+Téléchargement des données hebdomadaires des cas de syndrome grippaux depuis 1985 sur le site du [réseau sentinnelles](https://www.sentiweb.fr/france/fr/?page=table).  
+  
+S'il y a des données manquantes dans le fichier --> __NE JAMAIS LES MODIFIER A LA MAIN mais toujours dans du code pour les personnes voulant réutiliser l'étude puissent comprendre pourquoi la ligne a été supprimée.__  
+
+# Importation des données
+Voir le document RMardown _Analyse syndrome grippal_.  
 
 <!-- ## R Markdown
 

module2/exo4/Calcul_téléphone.Rmd → module2/exo4/Calcul_telephone.Rmd

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ title: "Exo4 module 2"
 author: "Marc"
 date: "07/04/2020"
 output:
-  html_document: default
   pdf_document: default
+  html_document: default
 ---
 
 ```{r setup, include=FALSE}

module2/exo4/Calcul_téléphone.log

-This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (MiKTeX 2.9.6500 64-bit) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2018.1.29)  8 APR 2020 12:31
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (MiKTeX 2.9.6500 64-bit) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2018.1.29)  9 APR 2020 11:04
 entering extended mode
 **./Calcul_téléphone.tex
 (Calcul_téléphone.tex

module2/exo4/test notebook.Rmd

 ---
 title: "R Notebook"
-output: html_notebook
+output:
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_notebook: default
 ---
 
-This is an [R Markdown](http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code. 
 
-Try executing this chunk by clicking the *Run* button within the chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing *Ctrl+Shift+Enter*. 
+## L'étude
+Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.
 
+## Le fichier de données
+Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :   
+- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis  
+- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)  
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels  
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus  
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes  
+  
+Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :  
+```{r}
+df<-read.csv("C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv", sep = ";")
+head(df)
+```
+
+## L'analyse de l'usage téléphonique
+
+Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :  
+  
+1. Les appels émis  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.  
+  
+2. Appels reçus  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.  
+  
+3. Durée appel  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).  
+  
+4. Messages reçus  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+  
+5. Messages envoyés  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.  
+J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.  
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.  
+
+### Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars
+Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.  
+```{r}
+add<-c(rep("avant",21), rep("après",21))
+df$add<-add
+```
+Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec `length(df$Appels_emis)` par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.  
+J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois "avant" et 21 fois "après" sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.  
+  
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+```{r}
+m_appels_emis<-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_recus<-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_duree_appel<-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_recus<-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_envoyes<-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_emis
+m_appels_recus
+m_messages_recus
+m_messages_envoyes
+```
+Et les écarts-types :  
+```{r}
+sd_appels_emis<-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_appels_recus<-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_duree_appel<-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_recus<-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_envoyes<-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+```
+
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.   
+```{r}
+#install.packages("ggplot2")
+library(ggplot2)
+a<-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
+    ylim(-1,4)+
+    labs(title="Appels émis")
+```
+```{r}
+b<-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-1,3)+
+    labs(title="Appels recus")
+```
+```{r}
+c<-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,2000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+```
+```{r}
+d<-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
+    ylim(0,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages envoyes")
+```
+```{r}
+e<-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-2,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages recus")
+```
+
+__Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes__  
+  
+A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un cas.  
+Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.  
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.  
+```{r}
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"])
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.  
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :  
+```{r}
+wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"],df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.  
+  
+Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).  
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur [Github](https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar).  
+```{r}
+#install.packages("devtools")
+library(devtools)
+#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
+#install_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")
+library(significativity.bar)
+```
+Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.  
+J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.  
+Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead.  
+J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.  
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :  
+```{r}
+significativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = "*", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = "black", size_text = 8, color_text = "black", font_face = 1, font_style = "serif", line_type = "solid"){
+  
+  
+  
+  if (!require("ggplot2", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
+    
+    install.packages("ggplot2")
+    
+    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(plot)[1] != "gg"){
+    
+    stop("Your input plot is not a ggplot")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (length(groups) != 2){
+    
+    stop("Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.vector(groups)){
+    
+    stop("Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(text)) {
+    
+    stop("Please input the text above the bar as character")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text height")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the bar size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the font face")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_text)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(font_style)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(line_type)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (text_height >=1){
+    
+    warning("text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomPoint"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
+    
+    xcoords = c()
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
+      
+      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    for (i in c(1,2)){
+      
+      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+    
+    
+  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomBar") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
+    
+    xcoords = c()  
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
+      
+      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+  }
+  
+}
+```
+
+
+```{r}
+gg<- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,5000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))
+```
+
+
+### Taux de réponses
+
+Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu'on m'en envoie.  
+```{r}
+Ratio<-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
+#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
+Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]<-0
+Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]<-0
+barplot(Ratio)
+```
 ```{r}
-plot(cars)
+mean(Ratio)
 ```
+En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on m'envoie un message.  
 
-Add a new chunk by clicking the *Insert Chunk* button on the toolbar or by pressing *Ctrl+Alt+I*.
+## Conclusion
 
-When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output will be saved alongside it (click the *Preview* button or press *Ctrl+Shift+K* to preview the HTML file).
+__J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de bien prendre en main l'outil.  
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de l'exercice.__  
   
-The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the editor. Consequently, unlike *Knit*, *Preview* does not run any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run in the editor is displayed.
+__Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait ...).  
+Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.__

module2/exo4/test notebook.nb.html

@@ -1762,21 +1762,483 @@ summary {
 
 
 <!-- rnb-text-begin -->
-<p>This is an <a href="http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com">R Markdown</a> Notebook. When you execute code within the notebook, the results appear beneath the code.</p>
-<p>Try executing this chunk by clicking the <em>Run</em> button within the chunk or by placing your cursor inside it and pressing <em>Ctrl+Shift+Enter</em>.</p>
+<div id="létude" class="section level2">
+<h2>L’étude</h2>
+<p>Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="le-fichier-de-données" class="section level2">
+<h2>Le fichier de données</h2>
+<p>Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :<br />
+- Le nombre d’appels émis : Appels_emis<br />
+- Le nombre d’appels reçus : Appels_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)<br />
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree_appels<br />
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages_recus<br />
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages_envoyes</p>
+<p>Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuZGY8LXJlYWQuY3N2KFwiQzovVXNlcnMvTWFyYy9EZXNrdG9wL01PT0MvbW9vYy1yci9tb2R1bGUyL2V4bzQvQm9vazEuY3N2XCIsIHNlcCA9IFwiO1wiKVxuaGVhZChkZilcbmBgYCJ9 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>df&lt;-read.csv(&quot;C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv&quot;, sep = &quot;;&quot;)
+head(df)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+</div>
+<div id="lanalyse-de-lusage-téléphonique" class="section level2">
+<h2>L’analyse de l’usage téléphonique</h2>
+<p>Tout d’abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :</p>
+<ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
+<li>Les appels émis</li>
+</ol>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYmFycGxvdChkZiRBcHBlbHNfZW1pcywgbmFtZXMuYXJnID0gZGYkw68uLkRhdGUpXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c’est pas grave. Il semble que j’ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.</p>
+<ol start="2" style="list-style-type: decimal">
+<li>Appels reçus</li>
+</ol>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYmFycGxvdChkZiRBcHBlbHNfcmVjdXMsIG5hbWVzLmFyZyA9IGRmJMOvLi5EYXRlKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Il semble que j’ai reçu beaucoup d’appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j’ai reçu + d’appels en général après cette période qu’avant.</p>
+<ol start="3" style="list-style-type: decimal">
+<li>Durée appel</li>
+</ol>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYmFycGxvdChkZiREdXJlZV9hcHBlbCwgbmFtZXMuYXJnID0gZGYkw68uLkRhdGUpXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Là c’est très voyant. J’ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).</p>
+<ol start="4" style="list-style-type: decimal">
+<li>Messages reçus</li>
+</ol>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYmFycGxvdChkZiRNZXNzYWdlc19yZWN1cywgbmFtZXMuYXJnID0gZGYkw68uLkRhdGUpXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<ol start="5" style="list-style-type: decimal">
+<li>Messages envoyés</li>
+</ol>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYmFycGxvdChkZiRNZXNzYWdlc19lbnZveWVzLCBuYW1lcy5hcmcgPSBkZiTDry4uRGF0ZSlcbmBgYCJ9 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.<br />
+J’ai eput être changé mon usage de l’un à l’autre.<br />
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j’ai beaucoup communiqué.</p>
+<div id="représentation-des-moyennes-avant-et-après-le-17-mars" class="section level3">
+<h3>Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars</h3>
+<p>Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYWRkPC1jKHJlcChcImF2YW50XCIsMjEpLCByZXAoXCJhcHLDqHNcIiwyMSkpXG5kZiRhZGQ8LWFkZFxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>add&lt;-c(rep(&quot;avant&quot;,21), rep(&quot;après&quot;,21))
+df$add&lt;-add</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Oui je sais c’est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu’il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec <code>length(df$Appels_emis)</code> par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.<br />
+J’ai donc ajouté 21 fois “avant” et 21 fois “après” sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.</p>
+<p>Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin 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 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>m_appels_emis&lt;-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+m_appels_recus&lt;-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+m_duree_appel&lt;-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+m_messages_recus&lt;-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+m_messages_envoyes&lt;-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+m_appels_emis
+m_appels_recus
+m_messages_recus
+m_messages_envoyes</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Et les écarts-types :</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin 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 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>sd_appels_emis&lt;-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+sd_appels_recus&lt;-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+sd_duree_appel&lt;-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+sd_messages_recus&lt;-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))
+sd_messages_envoyes&lt;-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add==&quot;après&quot;]))</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.<br />
+Le mieux c’est d’utiliser ggplot.</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin 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 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>#install.packages(&quot;ggplot2&quot;)
+library(ggplot2)
+a&lt;-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c(&quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ap&quot;))
+ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
+    ylim(-1,4)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Appels émis&quot;)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYjwtZGF0YS5mcmFtZShtX2FwcGVsc19yZWN1cywgc2RfYXBwZWxzX3JlY3VzLCBjKFwiYWFcIiwgXCJhcFwiKSlcbmdncGxvdChiLCBhZXMoeCA9IGIkYy4uYWEuLi4uYXAuLiwgeSA9IGIkbV9hcHBlbHNfcmVjdXMpKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2JhcihzdGF0ID0gXCJpZGVudGl0eVwiKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2Vycm9yYmFyKHltaW4gPSBiJG1fYXBwZWxzX3JlY3VzLWIkc2RfYXBwZWxzX3JlY3VzLCB5bWF4ID0gYiRtX2FwcGVsc19yZWN1cytiJHNkX2FwcGVsc19yZWN1cykrIFxuICAgIHlsaW0oLTEsMykrXG4gICAgbGFicyh0aXRsZT1cIkFwcGVscyByZWN1c1wiKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>b&lt;-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c(&quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ap&quot;))
+ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-1,3)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Appels recus&quot;)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuYzwtZGF0YS5mcmFtZShtX2R1cmVlX2FwcGVsLCBzZF9kdXJlZV9hcHBlbCwgYyhcImFhXCIsIFwiYXBcIikpXG5nZ3Bsb3QoYywgYWVzKHggPSBjJGMuLmFhLi4uLmFwLi4sIHkgPSBjJG1fZHVyZWVfYXBwZWwpKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2JhcihzdGF0ID0gXCJpZGVudGl0eVwiKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2Vycm9yYmFyKHltaW4gPSBjJG1fZHVyZWVfYXBwZWwtYyRzZF9kdXJlZV9hcHBlbCwgeW1heCA9IGMkbV9kdXJlZV9hcHBlbCtjJHNkX2R1cmVlX2FwcGVsKSsgXG4gICAgeWxpbSgtNTAwLDIwMDApK1xuICAgIGxhYnModGl0bGU9XCJEdXJlZSBhcHBlbFwiKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>c&lt;-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c(&quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ap&quot;))
+ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,2000)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Duree appel&quot;)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuZDwtZGF0YS5mcmFtZShtX21lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXMsIHNkX21lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXMsIGMoXCJhYVwiLCBcImFwXCIpKVxuZ2dwbG90KGQsIGFlcyh4ID0gZCRjLi5hYS4uLi5hcC4uLCB5ID0gZCRtX21lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXMpKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2JhcihzdGF0ID0gXCJpZGVudGl0eVwiKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2Vycm9yYmFyKHltaW4gPSBkJG1fbWVzc2FnZXNfZW52b3llcy1kJHNkX21lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXMsIHltYXggPSBkJG1fbWVzc2FnZXNfZW52b3llcytkJHNkX21lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXMpKyBcbiAgICB5bGltKDAsMTIpK1xuICAgIGxhYnModGl0bGU9XCJNZXNzYWdlcyBlbnZveWVzXCIpXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>d&lt;-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c(&quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ap&quot;))
+ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
+    ylim(0,12)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Messages envoyes&quot;)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuZTwtZGF0YS5mcmFtZShtX21lc3NhZ2VzX3JlY3VzLCBzZF9tZXNzYWdlc19yZWN1cywgYyhcImFhXCIsIFwiYXBcIikpXG5nZ3Bsb3QoZSwgYWVzKHggPSBlJGMuLmFhLi4uLmFwLi4sIHkgPSBlJG1fbWVzc2FnZXNfcmVjdXMpKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2JhcihzdGF0ID0gXCJpZGVudGl0eVwiKStcbiAgICBnZW9tX2Vycm9yYmFyKHltaW4gPSBlJG1fbWVzc2FnZXNfcmVjdXMtZSRzZF9tZXNzYWdlc19yZWN1cywgeW1heCA9IGUkbV9tZXNzYWdlc19yZWN1cytlJHNkX21lc3NhZ2VzX3JlY3VzKSsgXG4gICAgeWxpbSgtMiwxMikrXG4gICAgbGFicyh0aXRsZT1cIk1lc3NhZ2VzIHJlY3VzXCIpXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>e&lt;-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c(&quot;aa&quot;, &quot;ap&quot;))
+ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-2,12)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Messages recus&quot;)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p><strong>Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes</strong></p>
+<p>A mon avis, rien n’est significatif mais on peut s’entrainer sur un cas.<br />
+Comme il n’y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l’égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.<br />
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l’appel.</p>
 <!-- rnb-text-end -->
 <!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
-<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxucGxvdChjYXJzKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
-<pre class="r"><code>plot(cars)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuc2hhcGlyby50ZXN0KGRmJER1cmVlX2FwcGVsW2RmJGFkZD09XCJhdmFudFwiXSlcbnNoYXBpcm8udGVzdChkZiREdXJlZV9hcHBlbFtkZiRhZGQ9PVwiYXByw6hzXCJdKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;])
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;après&quot;])</code></pre>
 <!-- rnb-source-end -->
 <!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
 <!-- rnb-text-begin -->
-<p>Add a new chunk by clicking the <em>Insert Chunk</em> button on the toolbar or by pressing <em>Ctrl+Alt+I</em>.</p>
-<p>When you save the notebook, an HTML file containing the code and output will be saved alongside it (click the <em>Preview</em> button or press <em>Ctrl+Shift+K</em> to preview the HTML file).</p>
-<p>The preview shows you a rendered HTML copy of the contents of the editor. Consequently, unlike <em>Knit</em>, <em>Preview</em> does not run any R code chunks. Instead, the output of the chunk when it was last run in the editor is displayed.</p>
+<p>Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.<br />
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :</p>
 <!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxud2lsY294LnRlc3QoZGYkRHVyZWVfYXBwZWxbZGYkYWRkPT1cImF2YW50XCJdLGRmJER1cmVlX2FwcGVsW2RmJGFkZD09XCJhcHLDqHNcIl0pXG5gYGAifQ== -->
+<pre class="r"><code>wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;avant&quot;],df$Duree_appel[df$add==&quot;après&quot;])</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j’espère que c’est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c’est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.</p>
+<p>Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n’est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).<br />
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d’un ami disponible sur <a href="https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar">Github</a>.</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuI2luc3RhbGwucGFja2FnZXMoXCJkZXZ0b29sc1wiKVxubGlicmFyeShkZXZ0b29scylcbiNCZXNvaW4gZGUgUnRvb2xzIDMuNVxuI2luc3RhbGxfZ2l0aHViKFwiRXZlblN0YXI2OS9zaWduaWZpY2F0aXZpdHkuYmFyL3NpZ25pZmljYXRpdml0eS5iYXJcIilcbmxpYnJhcnkoc2lnbmlmaWNhdGl2aXR5LmJhcilcbmBgYCJ9 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>#install.packages(&quot;devtools&quot;)
+library(devtools)
+#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
+#install_github(&quot;EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar&quot;)
+library(significativity.bar)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>Bon j’ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu’elle n’est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.<br />
+J’ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.<br />
+Et j’ai changé la manière de retrouver l’échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore … use panel_scale_y instead.<br />
+J’ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.<br />
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin {"data":"```r\nsignificativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = \"*\", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = \"black\", size_text = 8, color_text = \"black\", font_face = 1, font_style = \"serif\", line_type = \"solid\"){\n  \n  \n  \n  if (!require(\"ggplot2\", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot\n    \n    install.packages(\"ggplot2\")\n    \n    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)\n    \n  }\n  \n  \n  \n  if (class(plot)[1] != \"gg\"){\n    \n    stop(\"Your input plot is not a ggplot\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (length(groups) != 2){\n    \n    stop(\"Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.vector(groups)){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.character(text)) {\n    \n    stop(\"Please input the text above the bar as character\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input one numeric value for the text height\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input one numeric value for the bar size\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.character(color_bar)){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input one numeric value for the text size\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input one numeric value for the font face\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.character(color_text)){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.character(font_style)){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  if (!is.character(line_type)){\n    \n    stop(\"Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  \n  \n  if (text_height >=1){\n    \n    warning(\"text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised\")\n    \n  }\n  \n  \n  \n  \n  \n  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == \"GeomPoint\"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot\n    \n    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points\n    \n    xcoords = c()\n    \n    ycoords = c()\n    \n    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups\n      \n      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]\n      \n      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)\n      \n    }\n    \n    for (i in c(1,2)){\n      \n      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group\n      \n      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)\n      \n    }\n    \n    \n    \n    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale\n    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead\n    \n    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) \n    \n    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)\n    \n    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)\n    \n    \n    \n    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference\n    \n    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar\n    \n    \n    \n    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)\n    \n    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)\n    \n    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar\n    \n    \n    \n    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate(\"text\", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot\n    \n    print(plot)\n    \n    \n    \n  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == \"GeomBar\") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot\n    \n    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]\n    \n    xcoords = c()  \n    \n    ycoords = c()\n    \n    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      \n      \n      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))\n      \n      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)\n      \n      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7\n      \n      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)\n      \n    }\n    \n    \n    \n    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale\n    \n    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))\n    \n    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)\n    \n    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)\n    \n    \n    \n    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference\n    \n    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar\n    \n    \n    \n    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)\n    \n    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)\n    \n    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar\n    \n    \n    \n    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate(\"text\", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot\n    \n    print(plot)\n    \n  }\n  \n}\n```"} -->
+<pre class="r"><code>significativity_bar &lt;- function(plot, groups, text = &quot;*&quot;, text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = &quot;black&quot;, size_text = 8, color_text = &quot;black&quot;, font_face = 1, font_style = &quot;serif&quot;, line_type = &quot;solid&quot;){
+  
+  
+  
+  if (!require(&quot;ggplot2&quot;, character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
+    
+    install.packages(&quot;ggplot2&quot;)
+    
+    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(plot)[1] != &quot;gg&quot;){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Your input plot is not a ggplot&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (length(groups) != 2){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.vector(groups)){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(text)) {
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input the text above the bar as character&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) &gt; 1){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input one numeric value for the text height&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) &gt; 1){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input one numeric value for the bar size&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) &gt; 1){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input one numeric value for the text size&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) &gt; 1){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input one numeric value for the font face&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_text)){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(font_style)){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(line_type)){
+    
+    stop(&quot;Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (text_height &gt;=1){
+    
+    warning(&quot;text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised&quot;)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == &quot;GeomPoint&quot;){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
+    
+    xcoords = c()
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
+      
+      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    for (i in c(1,2)){
+      
+      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate(&quot;text&quot;, x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+    
+    
+  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == &quot;GeomBar&quot;) { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
+    
+    xcoords = c()  
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
+      
+      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate(&quot;text&quot;, x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+  }
+  
+}</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuZ2c8LSBnZ3Bsb3QoYywgYWVzKHggPSBjLi5hYS4uLi5hcC4uLCB5ID0gYXMubnVtZXJpYyhtX2R1cmVlX2FwcGVsKSkpK1xuICAgIGdlb21fYmFyKHN0YXQgPSBcImlkZW50aXR5XCIpK1xuICAgIGdlb21fZXJyb3JiYXIoeW1pbiA9IG1fZHVyZWVfYXBwZWwtc2RfZHVyZWVfYXBwZWwsIHltYXggPSBtX2R1cmVlX2FwcGVsK3NkX2R1cmVlX2FwcGVsKSsgXG4gICAgeWxpbSgtNTAwLDUwMDApK1xuICAgIGxhYnModGl0bGU9XCJEdXJlZSBhcHBlbFwiKVxuc2lnbmlmaWNhdGl2aXR5X2JhcihnZywgZ3JvdXBzID0gYygxLDIpKVxuYGBgIn0= -->
+<pre class="r"><code>gg&lt;- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
+    geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,5000)+
+    labs(title=&quot;Duree appel&quot;)
+significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+</div>
+<div id="taux-de-réponses" class="section level3">
+<h3>Taux de réponses</h3>
+<p>Cette partie c’est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu’on m’en envoie.</p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxuUmF0aW88LWRmJE1lc3NhZ2VzX3JlY3VzL2RmJE1lc3NhZ2VzX2Vudm95ZXNcbiNSZW1wbGFjZW1lbnQgZGVzIE5hTiBldCBpbmYgKGRpdmlzaW9uIHBhciAwKSBlbiAwLlxuUmF0aW9baXMubmEoUmF0aW8pXTwtMFxuUmF0aW9baXMuaW5maW5pdGUoUmF0aW8pXTwtMFxuYmFycGxvdChSYXRpbylcbmBgYCJ9 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>Ratio&lt;-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
+#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
+Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]&lt;-0
+Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]&lt;-0
+barplot(Ratio)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-begin -->
+<!-- rnb-source-begin eyJkYXRhIjoiYGBgclxubWVhbihSYXRpbylcbmBgYCJ9 -->
+<pre class="r"><code>mean(Ratio)</code></pre>
+<!-- rnb-source-end -->
+<!-- rnb-chunk-end -->
+<!-- rnb-text-begin -->
+<p>En moyenne c’est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu’on m’envoie un message.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="conclusion" class="section level2">
+<h2>Conclusion</h2>
+<p><strong>J’ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m’a permis de bien prendre en main l’outil.<br />
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n’était pas vraiment le but de l’exercice.</strong></p>
+<p><strong>Après avoir compilé, je n’ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait …).<br />
+Aussi, j’ai remarqué qu’il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.</strong></p>
+<!-- rnb-text-end -->
+</div>
 
-<div id="rmd-source-code">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</div>
+<div id="rmd-source-code">---
title: "R Notebook"
output:
  pdf_document: default
  html_notebook: default
---


## L'étude
Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.

## Le fichier de données
Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :   
- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis  
- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)  
- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels  
- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus  
- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes  
  
Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :  
```{r}
df<-read.csv("C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv", sep = ";")
head(df)
```

## L'analyse de l'usage téléphonique

Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :  
  
1. Les appels émis  
```{r}
barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
```

Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.  
  
2. Appels reçus  
```{r}
barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
```

Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.  
  
3. Durée appel  
```{r}
barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
```

Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).  
  
4. Messages reçus  
```{r}
barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
```
  
5. Messages envoyés  
```{r}
barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
```

Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.  
J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.  
Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.  

### Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars
Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.  
```{r}
add<-c(rep("avant",21), rep("après",21))
df$add<-add
```
Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec `length(df$Appels_emis)` par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.  
J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois "avant" et 21 fois "après" sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.  
  
  
Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
```{r}
m_appels_emis<-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
m_appels_recus<-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
m_duree_appel<-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
m_messages_recus<-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
m_messages_envoyes<-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
m_appels_emis
m_appels_recus
m_messages_recus
m_messages_envoyes
```
Et les écarts-types :  
```{r}
sd_appels_emis<-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
sd_appels_recus<-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
sd_duree_appel<-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
sd_messages_recus<-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
sd_messages_envoyes<-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
```

  
Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.   
```{r}
#install.packages("ggplot2")
library(ggplot2)
a<-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c("aa", "ap"))
ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
    ylim(-1,4)+
    labs(title="Appels émis")
```
```{r}
b<-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
    ylim(-1,3)+
    labs(title="Appels recus")
```
```{r}
c<-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c("aa", "ap"))
ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
    ylim(-500,2000)+
    labs(title="Duree appel")
```
```{r}
d<-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c("aa", "ap"))
ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
    ylim(0,12)+
    labs(title="Messages envoyes")
```
```{r}
e<-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
    ylim(-2,12)+
    labs(title="Messages recus")
```

__Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes__  
  
A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un cas.  
Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.  
Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.  
```{r}
shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"])
shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
```
Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.  
Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :  
```{r}
wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"],df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
```
Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.  
  
Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).  
Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur [Github](https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar).  
```{r}
#install.packages("devtools")
library(devtools)
#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
#install_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")
library(significativity.bar)
```
Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.  
J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.  
Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead.  
J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.  
Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :  
```{r}
significativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = "*", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = "black", size_text = 8, color_text = "black", font_face = 1, font_style = "serif", line_type = "solid"){
  
  
  
  if (!require("ggplot2", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
    
    install.packages("ggplot2")
    
    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
    
  }
  
  
  
  if (class(plot)[1] != "gg"){
    
    stop("Your input plot is not a ggplot")
    
  }
  
  if (length(groups) != 2){
    
    stop("Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.vector(groups)){
    
    stop("Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.character(text)) {
    
    stop("Please input the text above the bar as character")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){
    
    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text height")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){
    
    stop("Please input one numeric value for the bar size")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
    
    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){
    
    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text size")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){
    
    stop("Please input one numeric value for the font face")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.character(color_text)){
    
    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.character(font_style)){
    
    stop("Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar")
    
  }
  
  if (!is.character(line_type)){
    
    stop("Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar")
    
  }
  
  
  
  if (text_height >=1){
    
    warning("text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised")
    
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomPoint"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
    
    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
    
    xcoords = c()
    
    ycoords = c()
    
    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
      
      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
      
      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
      
    }
    
    for (i in c(1,2)){
      
      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
      
      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
      
    }
    
    
    
    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
    
    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
    
    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
    
    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
    
    
    
    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
    
    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
    
    
    
    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
    
    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
    
    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
    
    
    
    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
    
    print(plot)
    
    
    
  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomBar") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
    
    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
    
    xcoords = c()  
    
    ycoords = c()
    
    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
      
      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
      
      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
      
      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
      
      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
      
    }
    
    
    
    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
    
    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
    
    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
    
    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
    
    
    
    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
    
    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
    
    
    
    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
    
    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
    
    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
    
    
    
    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
    
    print(plot)
    
  }
  
}
```


```{r}
gg<- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
    ylim(-500,5000)+
    labs(title="Duree appel")
significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))
```


### Taux de réponses

Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu'on m'en envoie.  
```{r}
Ratio<-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]<-0
Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]<-0
barplot(Ratio)
```
```{r}
mean(Ratio)
```
En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on m'envoie un message.  

## Conclusion

__J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de bien prendre en main l'outil.  
Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de l'exercice.__  
  
__Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait ...).  
Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.__
</div>
 
 
 

module2/exo4/test-notebook.Rmd

+---
+title: "R Notebook"
+output:
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_notebook: default
+---
+
+
+## L'étude
+Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.
+
+## Le fichier de données
+Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :   
+- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis  
+- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)  
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels  
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus  
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes  
+  
+Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :  
+```{r}
+df<-read.csv("C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv", sep = ";")
+head(df)
+```
+
+## L'analyse de l'usage téléphonique
+
+Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :  
+  
+1. Les appels émis  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.  
+  
+2. Appels reçus  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.  
+  
+3. Durée appel  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).  
+  
+4. Messages reçus  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+  
+5. Messages envoyés  
+```{r}
+barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.  
+J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.  
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.  
+
+### Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars
+Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.  
+```{r}
+add<-c(rep("avant",21), rep("après",21))
+df$add<-add
+```
+Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec `length(df$Appels_emis)` par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.  
+J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois "avant" et 21 fois "après" sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.  
+  
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+```{r}
+m_appels_emis<-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_recus<-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_duree_appel<-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_recus<-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_envoyes<-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_emis
+m_appels_recus
+m_messages_recus
+m_messages_envoyes
+```
+Et les écarts-types :  
+```{r}
+sd_appels_emis<-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_appels_recus<-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_duree_appel<-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_recus<-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_envoyes<-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+```
+
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.   
+```{r}
+#install.packages("ggplot2")
+library(ggplot2)
+a<-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
+    ylim(-1,4)+
+    labs(title="Appels émis")
+```
+```{r}
+b<-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-1,3)+
+    labs(title="Appels recus")
+```
+```{r}
+c<-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,2000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+```
+```{r}
+d<-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
+    ylim(0,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages envoyes")
+```
+```{r}
+e<-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-2,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages recus")
+```
+
+__Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes__  
+  
+A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un cas.  
+Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.  
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.  
+```{r}
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"])
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.  
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :  
+```{r}
+wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"],df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.  
+  
+Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).  
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur [Github](https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar).  
+```{r}
+#install.packages("devtools")
+library(devtools)
+#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
+#install_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")
+library(significativity.bar)
+```
+Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.  
+J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.  
+Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead.  
+J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.  
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :  
+```{r}
+significativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = "*", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = "black", size_text = 8, color_text = "black", font_face = 1, font_style = "serif", line_type = "solid"){
+  
+  
+  
+  if (!require("ggplot2", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
+    
+    install.packages("ggplot2")
+    
+    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(plot)[1] != "gg"){
+    
+    stop("Your input plot is not a ggplot")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (length(groups) != 2){
+    
+    stop("Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.vector(groups)){
+    
+    stop("Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(text)) {
+    
+    stop("Please input the text above the bar as character")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text height")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the bar size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the font face")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_text)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(font_style)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(line_type)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (text_height >=1){
+    
+    warning("text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomPoint"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
+    
+    xcoords = c()
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
+      
+      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    for (i in c(1,2)){
+      
+      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+    
+    
+  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomBar") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
+    
+    xcoords = c()  
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
+      
+      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+  }
+  
+}
+```
+
+
+```{r}
+gg<- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,5000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))
+```
+
+
+### Taux de réponses
+
+Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu'on m'en envoie.  
+```{r}
+Ratio<-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
+#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
+Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]<-0
+Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]<-0
+barplot(Ratio)
+```
+```{r}
+mean(Ratio)
+```
+En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on m'envoie un message.  
+
+## Conclusion
+
+__J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de bien prendre en main l'outil.  
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de l'exercice.__  
+  
+__Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait ...).  
+Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.__

module2/exo4/test-notebook.knit.md

+---
+title: "R Notebook"
+output:
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_notebook: default
+---
+
+
+## L'étude
+Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.
+
+## Le fichier de données
+Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :   
+- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis  
+- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)  
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels  
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus  
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes  
+  
+Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :  
+
+```r
+df<-read.csv("C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv", sep = ";")
+head(df)
+```
+
+```
+##      ï..Date Appels_emis Appels_recus Duree_appel Messages_recus
+## 1 25/02/2020           0            0           0              6
+## 2 26/02/2020           1            1           5              3
+## 3 27/02/2020           0            0           0              3
+## 4 28/02/2020           0            0           0              0
+## 5 29/02/2020           3            1        3470              1
+## 6 01/03/2020           1            1         141             15
+##   Messages_envoyes
+## 1                4
+## 2                4
+## 3                2
+## 4                0
+## 5                0
+## 6                7
+```
+
+## L'analyse de l'usage téléphonique
+
+Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :  
+  
+1. Les appels émis  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-2-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.  
+  
+2. Appels reçus  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-3-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.  
+  
+3. Durée appel  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-4-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).  
+  
+4. Messages reçus  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-5-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+  
+5. Messages envoyés  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-6-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.  
+J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.  
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.  
+
+### Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars
+Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.  
+
+```r
+add<-c(rep("avant",21), rep("après",21))
+df$add<-add
+```
+Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec `length(df$Appels_emis)` par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.  
+J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois "avant" et 21 fois "après" sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.  
+  
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+
+```r
+m_appels_emis<-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_recus<-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_duree_appel<-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_recus<-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_envoyes<-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_emis
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 1.142857 1.523810
+```
+
+```r
+m_appels_recus
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 0.8095238 1.1904762
+```
+
+```r
+m_messages_recus
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 6.285714 2.761905
+```
+
+```r
+m_messages_envoyes
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 5.285714 1.523810
+```
+Et les écarts-types :  
+
+```r
+sd_appels_emis<-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_appels_recus<-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_duree_appel<-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_recus<-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_envoyes<-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+```
+
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.   
+
+```r
+#install.packages("ggplot2")
+library(ggplot2)
+a<-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
+    ylim(-1,4)+
+    labs(title="Appels émis")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-10-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+b<-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-1,3)+
+    labs(title="Appels recus")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-11-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+c<-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,2000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-12-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+d<-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
+    ylim(0,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages envoyes")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-13-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+e<-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-2,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages recus")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-14-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+__Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes__  
+  
+A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un cas.  
+Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.  
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.  
+
+```r
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"])
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"]
+## W = 0.53087, p-value = 3.968e-07
+```
+
+```r
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 0.88753, p-value = 0.0202
+```
+Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.  
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :  
+
+```r
+wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"],df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+
+```
+## Warning in wilcox.test.default(df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"],
+## df$Duree_appel[df$add == : cannot compute exact p-value with ties
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"] and df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 140.5, p-value = 0.03965
+## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
+```
+Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.  
+  
+Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).  
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur [Github](https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar).  
+
+```r
+#install.packages("devtools")
+library(devtools)
+```
+
+```
+## Loading required package: usethis
+```
+
+```r
+#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
+#install_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")
+library(significativity.bar)
+```
+Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.  
+J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.  
+Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead.  
+J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.  
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :  
+
+```r
+significativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = "*", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = "black", size_text = 8, color_text = "black", font_face = 1, font_style = "serif", line_type = "solid"){
+  
+  
+  
+  if (!require("ggplot2", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
+    
+    install.packages("ggplot2")
+    
+    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(plot)[1] != "gg"){
+    
+    stop("Your input plot is not a ggplot")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (length(groups) != 2){
+    
+    stop("Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.vector(groups)){
+    
+    stop("Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(text)) {
+    
+    stop("Please input the text above the bar as character")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text height")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the bar size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the font face")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_text)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(font_style)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(line_type)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (text_height >=1){
+    
+    warning("text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomPoint"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
+    
+    xcoords = c()
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
+      
+      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    for (i in c(1,2)){
+      
+      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+    
+    
+  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomBar") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
+    
+    xcoords = c()  
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
+      
+      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+  }
+  
+}
+```
+
+
+
+```r
+gg<- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,5000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-19-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+
+### Taux de réponses
+
+Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu'on m'en envoie.  
+
+```r
+Ratio<-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
+#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
+Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]<-0
+Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]<-0
+barplot(Ratio)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-20-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+mean(Ratio)
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 1.067513
+```
+En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on m'envoie un message.  
+
+## Conclusion
+
+__J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de bien prendre en main l'outil.  
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de l'exercice.__  
+  
+__Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait ...).  
+Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.__

module2/exo4/test-notebook.tex

+% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
+\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode}{hyperref}
+\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
+%
+\documentclass[
+]{article}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}
+\usepackage{ifxetex,ifluatex}
+\ifnum 0\ifxetex 1\fi\ifluatex 1\fi=0 % if pdftex
+  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
+\else % if luatex or xetex
+  \usepackage{unicode-math}
+  \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
+  \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
+\fi
+% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
+\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
+  \usepackage[]{microtype}
+  \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
+}{}
+\makeatletter
+\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
+  \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
+    \usepackage{parskip}
+  }{% else
+    \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
+    \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
+}{% if KOMA class
+  \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
+\makeatother
+\usepackage{xcolor}
+\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
+\IfFileExists{bookmark.sty}{\usepackage{bookmark}}{\usepackage{hyperref}}
+\hypersetup{
+  pdftitle={R Notebook},
+  hidelinks,
+  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}
+\urlstyle{same} % disable monospaced font for URLs
+\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb}
+\newcommand{\VerbBar}{|}
+\newcommand{\VERB}{\Verb[commandchars=\\\{\}]}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
+% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
+\usepackage{framed}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{RGB}{248,248,248}
+\newenvironment{Shaded}{\begin{snugshade}}{\end{snugshade}}
+\newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.94,0.16,0.16}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.77,0.63,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.64,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.81}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.13,0.29,0.53}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.81,0.36,0.00}{\textbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textit{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{#1}
+\newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.00,0.00}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.31,0.60,0.02}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.35,0.01}{\textbf{\textit{#1}}}}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\makeatletter
+\def\maxwidth{\ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth\linewidth\else\Gin@nat@width\fi}
+\def\maxheight{\ifdim\Gin@nat@height>\textheight\textheight\else\Gin@nat@height\fi}
+\makeatother
+% Scale images if necessary, so that they will not overflow the page
+% margins by default, and it is still possible to overwrite the defaults
+% using explicit options in \includegraphics[width, height, ...]{}
+\setkeys{Gin}{width=\maxwidth,height=\maxheight,keepaspectratio}
+% Set default figure placement to htbp
+\makeatletter
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\makeatother
+\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines
+\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
+  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-\maxdimen} % remove section numbering
+
+\title{R Notebook}
+\author{}
+\date{}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\hypertarget{luxe9tude}{%
+\subsection{L'étude}\label{luxe9tude}}
+
+Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25
+février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement
+le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.
+
+\hypertarget{le-fichier-de-donnuxe9es}{%
+\subsection{Le fichier de données}\label{le-fichier-de-donnuxe9es}}
+
+Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents
+paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :\\
+- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis\\
+- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels
+manqués)\\
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels\\
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus\\
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes
+
+Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{df\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{read.csv}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc{-}rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{sep =} \StringTok{";"}\NormalTok{)}
+\KeywordTok{head}\NormalTok{(df)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+##      ï..Date Appels_emis Appels_recus Duree_appel Messages_recus
+## 1 25/02/2020           0            0           0              6
+## 2 26/02/2020           1            1           5              3
+## 3 27/02/2020           0            0           0              3
+## 4 28/02/2020           0            0           0              0
+## 5 29/02/2020           3            1        3470              1
+## 6 01/03/2020           1            1         141             15
+##   Messages_envoyes
+## 1                4
+## 2                4
+## 3                2
+## 4                0
+## 5                0
+## 6                7
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\hypertarget{lanalyse-de-lusage-tuxe9luxe9phonique}{%
+\subsection{L'analyse de l'usage
+téléphonique}\label{lanalyse-de-lusage-tuxe9luxe9phonique}}
+
+Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps
+pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Les appels émis
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_emis, }\DataTypeTok{names.arg =}\NormalTok{ df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{ï..Date)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-2-1.pdf}
+
+Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai
+beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\setcounter{enumi}{1}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Appels reçus
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_recus, }\DataTypeTok{names.arg =}\NormalTok{ df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{ï..Date)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-3-1.pdf}
+
+Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que
+j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\setcounter{enumi}{2}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Durée appel
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel, }\DataTypeTok{names.arg =}\NormalTok{ df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{ï..Date)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-4-1.pdf}
+
+Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le
+16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\setcounter{enumi}{3}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Messages reçus
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus, }\DataTypeTok{names.arg =}\NormalTok{ df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{ï..Date)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-5-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\setcounter{enumi}{4}
+\tightlist
+\item
+  Messages envoyés
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes, }\DataTypeTok{names.arg =}\NormalTok{ df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{ï..Date)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-6-1.pdf}
+
+Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et
+envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.\\
+J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.\\
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.
+
+\hypertarget{repruxe9sentation-des-moyennes-avant-et-apruxe8s-le-17-mars}{%
+\subsubsection{Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17
+mars}\label{repruxe9sentation-des-moyennes-avant-et-apruxe8s-le-17-mars}}
+
+Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{add\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{rep}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{21}\NormalTok{), }\KeywordTok{rep}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{21}\NormalTok{))}
+\NormalTok{df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add\textless{}{-}add}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes
+dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec
+\texttt{length(df\$Appels\_emis)} par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la
+22ème ligne.\\
+J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois ``avant'' et 21 fois ``après'' sur une colonne
+dans mon data frame df.
+
+Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et
+après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{m\_appels\_emis\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_emis[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_emis[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{m\_appels\_recus\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{m\_duree\_appel\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{m\_messages\_recus\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{m\_messages\_envoyes\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{m\_appels\_emis}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## [1] 1.142857 1.523810
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{m\_appels\_recus}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## [1] 0.8095238 1.1904762
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{m\_messages\_recus}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## [1] 6.285714 2.761905
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{m\_messages\_envoyes}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## [1] 5.285714 1.523810
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Et les écarts-types :
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_emis\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_emis[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_emis[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_recus\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Appels\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{sd\_duree\_appel\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_recus\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_envoyes\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{]), }\KeywordTok{sd}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{]))}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres
+avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.\\
+Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\CommentTok{\#install.packages("ggplot2")}
+\KeywordTok{library}\NormalTok{(ggplot2)}
+\NormalTok{a\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(m\_appels\_emis, sd\_appels\_emis, }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"aa"}\NormalTok{, }\StringTok{"ap"}\NormalTok{))}
+\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(a, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ a}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ m\_appels\_emis))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ a}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_appels\_emis}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{a}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_emis, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ a}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_appels\_emis}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{a}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_emis)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\OperatorTok{{-}}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{4}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Appels émis"}\NormalTok{)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-10-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{b\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(m\_appels\_recus, sd\_appels\_recus, }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"aa"}\NormalTok{, }\StringTok{"ap"}\NormalTok{))}
+\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(b, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_appels\_recus))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_appels\_recus}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_recus, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_appels\_recus}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{b}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_appels\_recus)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\OperatorTok{{-}}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{3}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Appels recus"}\NormalTok{)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-11-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{c\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(m\_duree\_appel, sd\_duree\_appel, }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"aa"}\NormalTok{, }\StringTok{"ap"}\NormalTok{))}
+\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(c, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_duree\_appel))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_duree\_appel}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_duree\_appel, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_duree\_appel}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{c}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_duree\_appel)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\OperatorTok{{-}}\DecValTok{500}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{2000}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Duree appel"}\NormalTok{)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-12-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{d\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(m\_messages\_envoyes, sd\_messages\_envoyes, }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"aa"}\NormalTok{, }\StringTok{"ap"}\NormalTok{))}
+\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(d, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_envoyes))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_envoyes}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_envoyes, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_envoyes}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{d}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_envoyes)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\DecValTok{0}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{12}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Messages envoyes"}\NormalTok{)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-13-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{e\textless{}{-}}\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(m\_messages\_recus, sd\_messages\_recus, }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"aa"}\NormalTok{, }\StringTok{"ap"}\NormalTok{))}
+\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(e, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_recus))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_recus}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_recus, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{m\_messages\_recus}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{e}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{sd\_messages\_recus)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\OperatorTok{{-}}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{12}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Messages recus"}\NormalTok{)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-14-1.pdf}
+
+\textbf{Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une
+diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes}
+
+A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un
+cas.\\
+Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas
+appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la
+distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances
+pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.\\
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{shapiro.test}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{])}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## 
+##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"]
+## W = 0.53087, p-value = 3.968e-07
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{shapiro.test}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{])}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## 
+##  Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 0.88753, p-value = 0.0202
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne
+sont pas normales.\\
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{wilcox.test}\NormalTok{(df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"avant"}\NormalTok{],df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Duree\_appel[df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{add}\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{"après"}\NormalTok{])}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Warning in wilcox.test.default(df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"],
+## df$Duree_appel[df$add == : cannot compute exact p-value with ties
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## 
+##  Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"] and df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 140.5, p-value = 0.03965
+## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après
+le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère
+que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour
+un test non paramétrique.
+
+Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas
+compris dans les fonctions ggplot).\\
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur
+\href{https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar}{Github}.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\CommentTok{\#install.packages("devtools")}
+\KeywordTok{library}\NormalTok{(devtools)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## Loading required package: usethis
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\CommentTok{\#Besoin de Rtools 3.5}
+\CommentTok{\#install\_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")}
+\KeywordTok{library}\NormalTok{(significativity.bar)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus
+compatible avec ggplot 3.3.\\
+J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of
+ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data{[}{[}1{]}{]} changed from column 6 to
+7.\\
+Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel\_ranges in
+ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore \ldots{} use
+panel\_scale\_y instead.\\
+J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.\\
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{significativity\_bar \textless{}{-}}\StringTok{ }\ControlFlowTok{function}\NormalTok{(plot, groups, }\DataTypeTok{text =} \StringTok{"*"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{text\_height =} \FloatTok{0.0275}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{size\_bar =} \DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{color\_bar =} \StringTok{"black"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{size\_text =} \DecValTok{8}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{color\_text =} \StringTok{"black"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{font\_face =} \DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{font\_style =} \StringTok{"serif"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{line\_type =} \StringTok{"solid"}\NormalTok{)\{}
+  
+  
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{require}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"ggplot2"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{character.only=}\NormalTok{T, }\DataTypeTok{quietly=}\NormalTok{T))\{ }\CommentTok{\# use library ggplot}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{install.packages}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"ggplot2"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{library}\NormalTok{(ggplot2, }\DataTypeTok{character.only=}\NormalTok{T)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\KeywordTok{class}\NormalTok{(plot)[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{] }\OperatorTok{!=}\StringTok{ "gg"}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Your input plot is not a ggplot"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\KeywordTok{length}\NormalTok{(groups) }\OperatorTok{!=}\StringTok{ }\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.vector}\NormalTok{(groups))\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.character}\NormalTok{(text)) \{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input the text above the bar as character"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.numeric}\NormalTok{(text\_height) }\OperatorTok{|}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{length}\NormalTok{(text\_height) }\OperatorTok{\textgreater{}}\StringTok{ }\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input one numeric value for the text height"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.numeric}\NormalTok{(size\_bar) }\OperatorTok{|}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{length}\NormalTok{(size\_bar) }\OperatorTok{\textgreater{}}\StringTok{ }\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input one numeric value for the bar size"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.character}\NormalTok{(color\_bar))\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.numeric}\NormalTok{(size\_text) }\OperatorTok{|}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{length}\NormalTok{(size\_text) }\OperatorTok{\textgreater{}}\StringTok{ }\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input one numeric value for the text size"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.numeric}\NormalTok{(font\_face) }\OperatorTok{|}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{length}\NormalTok{(font\_face) }\OperatorTok{\textgreater{}}\StringTok{ }\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input one numeric value for the font face"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.character}\NormalTok{(color\_text))\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.character}\NormalTok{(font\_style))\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\OperatorTok{!}\KeywordTok{is.character}\NormalTok{(line\_type))\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{stop}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (text\_height }\OperatorTok{\textgreater{}=}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{)\{}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{warning}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"text\_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised"}\NormalTok{)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\KeywordTok{class}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{as.list.environment}\NormalTok{(plot}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{layers[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]])}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{geom)[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{] }\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{ "GeomPoint"}\NormalTok{)\{ }\CommentTok{\# if the ggplot is a dotplot}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{ggplot\_build}\NormalTok{(plot)}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{data[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]] }\CommentTok{\# get the coordinates of the points}
+    
+\NormalTok{    xcoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{()}
+    
+\NormalTok{    ycoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{()}
+    
+    \ControlFlowTok{for}\NormalTok{ (i }\ControlFlowTok{in}\NormalTok{ groups)\{ }\CommentTok{\# get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups}
+      
+\NormalTok{      xcoord\_temp =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{unique}\NormalTok{(coords}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{x)[i]}
+      
+\NormalTok{      xcoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{append}\NormalTok{(xcoords, xcoord\_temp)}
+      
+\NormalTok{    \}}
+    
+    \ControlFlowTok{for}\NormalTok{ (i }\ControlFlowTok{in} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{))\{}
+      
+\NormalTok{      ycoord\_temp =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{max}\NormalTok{(coords[coords}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{x }\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{xcoords[i],]}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{y) }\CommentTok{\# get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group}
+      
+\NormalTok{      ycoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{append}\NormalTok{(ycoords, ycoord\_temp)}
+      
+\NormalTok{    \}}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_range =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{ggplot\_build}\NormalTok{(plot)}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{layout}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{panel\_scales\_y[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]]}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{limits }\CommentTok{\# get the total height of the y scale}
+    \CommentTok{\# panel\_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead}
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_sum =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{sum}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{abs}\NormalTok{(y\_range)) }
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_scale =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{(}\FloatTok{7.5}\OperatorTok{/}\DecValTok{100}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum }\CommentTok{\# starting position of the vertical bar (determined \% of the total y scale)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    bar\_height =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{((}\DecValTok{5}\OperatorTok{/}\DecValTok{100}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum) }\CommentTok{\# final position of the vertical bar (determined \% of the total y scale in addition to y\_scale)}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    ycoord\_top =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{max}\NormalTok{(ycoords) }\CommentTok{\# the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coord\_bar =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(xcoords[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{]), }\DataTypeTok{y =} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale)) }\CommentTok{\# final coordinates of the bar}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    star\_x =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(xcoords) }\CommentTok{\# x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    star\_y =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{((}\FloatTok{2.75}\OperatorTok{/}\DecValTok{100}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum) }\CommentTok{\# y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coord\_star =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(star\_x, star\_y) }\CommentTok{\# x,y coordinates of the text above the bar}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    plot =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{plot }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{geom\_path}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{data =}\NormalTok{ coord\_bar, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x=}\NormalTok{x, }\DataTypeTok{y=}\NormalTok{y), }\DataTypeTok{size =}\NormalTok{ size\_bar, }\DataTypeTok{color =}\NormalTok{ color\_bar, }\DataTypeTok{linetype =}\NormalTok{ line\_type) }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{annotate}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"text"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ star\_x, }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ star\_y, }\DataTypeTok{label =}\NormalTok{ text, }\DataTypeTok{size =}\NormalTok{ size\_text, }\DataTypeTok{color =}\NormalTok{ color\_text, }\DataTypeTok{fontface =}\NormalTok{ font\_face, }\DataTypeTok{family =}\NormalTok{ font\_style) }\CommentTok{\# create the new ggplot}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{print}\NormalTok{(plot)}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{  \} }\ControlFlowTok{else} \ControlFlowTok{if}\NormalTok{ (}\KeywordTok{class}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{as.list.environment}\NormalTok{(plot}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{layers[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]])}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{geom)[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{] }\OperatorTok{==}\StringTok{ "GeomBar"}\NormalTok{) \{ }\CommentTok{\# if the ggplot is a dotplot}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{ggplot\_build}\NormalTok{(plot)}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{data[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]]}
+    
+\NormalTok{    xcoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{()  }
+    
+\NormalTok{    ycoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{()}
+    
+    \ControlFlowTok{for}\NormalTok{ (i }\ControlFlowTok{in}\NormalTok{ groups)\{ }\CommentTok{\# get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      }
+      
+\NormalTok{      xcoord\_temp =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(coords[i,]}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{xmin, coords[i,]}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{xmax))}
+      
+\NormalTok{      xcoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{append}\NormalTok{(xcoords, xcoord\_temp)}
+      
+\NormalTok{      ycoord\_temp =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{coords[i,}\DecValTok{7}\NormalTok{] }\CommentTok{\# The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7}
+      
+\NormalTok{      ycoords =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{append}\NormalTok{(ycoords, ycoord\_temp)}
+      
+\NormalTok{    \}}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_range =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{ggplot\_build}\NormalTok{(plot)}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{layout}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{panel\_scales\_y[[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{]]}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{limits }\CommentTok{\# get the total height of the y scale}
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_sum =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{sum}\NormalTok{(}\KeywordTok{abs}\NormalTok{(y\_range))}
+    
+\NormalTok{    y\_scale =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{(}\FloatTok{7.5}\OperatorTok{/}\DecValTok{100}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum  }\CommentTok{\# starting position of the vertical bar (determined \% of the total y scale)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    bar\_height =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{((}\DecValTok{5}\OperatorTok{/}\DecValTok{100}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum) }\CommentTok{\# final position of the vertical bar (determined \% of the total y scale in addition to y\_scale)}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    ycoord\_top =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{max}\NormalTok{(ycoords) }\CommentTok{\# the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coord\_bar =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{data.frame}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(xcoords[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{], xcoords[}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{]), }\DataTypeTok{y =} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height, ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{y\_scale)) }\CommentTok{\#  final coordinates of the bar}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    star\_x =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(xcoords) }\CommentTok{\# x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    star\_y =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{ycoord\_top }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{bar\_height }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{(text\_height}\OperatorTok{*}\NormalTok{y\_sum) }\CommentTok{\# y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)}
+    
+\NormalTok{    coord\_star =}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(star\_x, star\_y) }\CommentTok{\# x,y coordinates of the text above the bar}
+    
+    
+    
+\NormalTok{    plot =}\StringTok{ }\NormalTok{plot }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{geom\_path}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{data =}\NormalTok{ coord\_bar, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x=}\NormalTok{x, }\DataTypeTok{y=}\NormalTok{y), }\DataTypeTok{size =}\NormalTok{ size\_bar, }\DataTypeTok{color =}\NormalTok{ color\_bar, }\DataTypeTok{linetype =}\NormalTok{ line\_type) }\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{annotate}\NormalTok{(}\StringTok{"text"}\NormalTok{, }\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ star\_x, }\DataTypeTok{y =}\NormalTok{ star\_y, }\DataTypeTok{label =}\NormalTok{ text, }\DataTypeTok{size =}\NormalTok{ size\_text, }\DataTypeTok{color =}\NormalTok{ color\_text, }\DataTypeTok{fontface =}\NormalTok{ font\_face, }\DataTypeTok{family =}\NormalTok{ font\_style) }\CommentTok{\# create the new ggplot}
+    
+    \KeywordTok{print}\NormalTok{(plot)}
+    
+\NormalTok{  \}}
+  
+\NormalTok{\}}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{gg\textless{}{-}}\StringTok{ }\KeywordTok{ggplot}\NormalTok{(c, }\KeywordTok{aes}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{x =}\NormalTok{ c..aa....ap.., }\DataTypeTok{y =} \KeywordTok{as.numeric}\NormalTok{(m\_duree\_appel)))}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_bar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{stat =} \StringTok{"identity"}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{geom\_errorbar}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{ymin =}\NormalTok{ m\_duree\_appel}\OperatorTok{{-}}\NormalTok{sd\_duree\_appel, }\DataTypeTok{ymax =}\NormalTok{ m\_duree\_appel}\OperatorTok{+}\NormalTok{sd\_duree\_appel)}\OperatorTok{+}\StringTok{ }
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{ylim}\NormalTok{(}\OperatorTok{{-}}\DecValTok{500}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{5000}\NormalTok{)}\OperatorTok{+}
+\StringTok{    }\KeywordTok{labs}\NormalTok{(}\DataTypeTok{title=}\StringTok{"Duree appel"}\NormalTok{)}
+\KeywordTok{significativity\_bar}\NormalTok{(gg, }\DataTypeTok{groups =} \KeywordTok{c}\NormalTok{(}\DecValTok{1}\NormalTok{,}\DecValTok{2}\NormalTok{))}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-19-1.pdf}
+
+\hypertarget{taux-de-ruxe9ponses}{%
+\subsubsection{Taux de réponses}\label{taux-de-ruxe9ponses}}
+
+Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages
+qu'on m'en envoie.
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\NormalTok{Ratio\textless{}{-}df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_recus}\OperatorTok{/}\NormalTok{df}\OperatorTok{$}\NormalTok{Messages\_envoyes}
+\CommentTok{\#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.}
+\NormalTok{Ratio[}\KeywordTok{is.na}\NormalTok{(Ratio)]\textless{}{-}}\DecValTok{0}
+\NormalTok{Ratio[}\KeywordTok{is.infinite}\NormalTok{(Ratio)]\textless{}{-}}\DecValTok{0}
+\KeywordTok{barplot}\NormalTok{(Ratio)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\includegraphics{test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-20-1.pdf}
+
+\begin{Shaded}
+\begin{Highlighting}[]
+\KeywordTok{mean}\NormalTok{(Ratio)}
+\end{Highlighting}
+\end{Shaded}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+## [1] 1.067513
+\end{verbatim}
+
+En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on
+m'envoie un message.
+
+\hypertarget{conclusion}{%
+\subsection{Conclusion}\label{conclusion}}
+
+\textbf{J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de
+bien prendre en main l'outil.\\
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter
+ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de
+l'exercice.}
+
+\textbf{Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs
+de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait \ldots).\\
+Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la
+visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.}
+
+\end{document}

module2/exo4/test-notebook.utf8.md

+---
+title: "R Notebook"
+output:
+  pdf_document: default
+  html_notebook: default
+---
+
+
+## L'étude
+Cette étude consiste à évaluer mon usage du téléphone depuis le 25 février 2020 pour établir un lien entre la mise en place du confinement le 17 mars 2020 et mon usage téléphonique.
+
+## Le fichier de données
+Le fichier de données ci-après est une table représentant différents paramètres chaque jour depuis le 25/02/2020 :   
+- Le nombre d'appels émis : Appels\_emis  
+- Le nombre d'appels reçus : Appels\_recus (Comprends aussi les appels manqués)  
+- La durée totale des appels de la journée en seconde : Duree\_appels  
+- Le nombre de messages reçus : Messages\_recus  
+- Le nombre de messages envoyés : Messages\_envoyes  
+  
+Le fichier peut être importé comme ceci :  
+
+```r
+df<-read.csv("C:/Users/Marc/Desktop/MOOC/mooc-rr/module2/exo4/Book1.csv", sep = ";")
+head(df)
+```
+
+```
+##      ï..Date Appels_emis Appels_recus Duree_appel Messages_recus
+## 1 25/02/2020           0            0           0              6
+## 2 26/02/2020           1            1           5              3
+## 3 27/02/2020           0            0           0              3
+## 4 28/02/2020           0            0           0              0
+## 5 29/02/2020           3            1        3470              1
+## 6 01/03/2020           1            1         141             15
+##   Messages_envoyes
+## 1                4
+## 2                4
+## 3                2
+## 4                0
+## 5                0
+## 6                7
+```
+
+## L'analyse de l'usage téléphonique
+
+Tout d'abord on peut plotter les différents paramètres au cours du temps pour se donner un aperçu de mon usage :  
+  
+1. Les appels émis  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Appels_emis, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-2-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Les dates sont mal positionnées mais c'est pas grave. Il semble que j'ai beaucoup appelé autour de la date du 17 mars.  
+  
+2. Appels reçus  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Appels_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-3-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Il semble que j'ai reçu beaucoup d'appels la veille du 17 mars puis que j'ai reçu + d'appels en général après cette période qu'avant.  
+  
+3. Durée appel  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Duree_appel, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-4-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Là c'est très voyant. J'ai passé beaucoup de temps au téléphone après le 16 mars comparé à avant (sauf 2 fois).  
+  
+4. Messages reçus  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Messages_recus, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-5-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+  
+5. Messages envoyés  
+
+```r
+barplot(df$Messages_envoyes, names.arg = df$ï..Date)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-6-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+Pour les messages, la tendance est inverse aux appels : je reçois et envoie - de sms depuis le 17 mars comparé à avant.  
+J'ai eput être changé mon usage de l'un à l'autre.  
+Sauf autour du 16-17 mars où j'ai beaucoup communiqué.  
+
+### Représentation des moyennes avant et après le 17 mars
+Je vais rajouté une colonne pour indiqué avant ou après le 17 mars.  
+
+```r
+add<-c(rep("avant",21), rep("après",21))
+df$add<-add
+```
+Oui je sais c'est vraiment nul mais en gros je sais qu'il y a 42 lignes dans mon tableau (je peux le vérifier avec `length(df$Appels_emis)` par exemple) et que le 17 mars est la 22ème ligne.  
+J'ai donc ajouté 21 fois "avant" et 21 fois "après" sur une colonne dans mon data frame df.  
+  
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir calculer les moyennes des paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+
+```r
+m_appels_emis<-c(mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_recus<-c(mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_duree_appel<-c(mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_recus<-c(mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+m_messages_envoyes<-c(mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), mean(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+m_appels_emis
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 1.142857 1.523810
+```
+
+```r
+m_appels_recus
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 0.8095238 1.1904762
+```
+
+```r
+m_messages_recus
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 6.285714 2.761905
+```
+
+```r
+m_messages_envoyes
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 5.285714 1.523810
+```
+Et les écarts-types :  
+
+```r
+sd_appels_emis<-c(sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_emis[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_appels_recus<-c(sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Appels_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_duree_appel<-c(sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_recus<-c(sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_recus[df$add=="après"]))
+sd_messages_envoyes<-c(sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="avant"]), sd(df$Messages_envoyes[df$add=="après"]))
+```
+
+  
+Maintenant on va pouvoir plotter les moyennes de tous les paramètres avant et après (inclus) le 17 mars 2020.  
+Le mieux c'est d'utiliser ggplot.   
+
+```r
+#install.packages("ggplot2")
+library(ggplot2)
+a<-data.frame(m_appels_emis, sd_appels_emis, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(a, aes(x = a$c..aa....ap.., y = m_appels_emis))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = a$m_appels_emis-a$sd_appels_emis, ymax = a$m_appels_emis+a$sd_appels_emis)+ 
+    ylim(-1,4)+
+    labs(title="Appels émis")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+
+## Warning: Use of `a$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-10-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+b<-data.frame(m_appels_recus, sd_appels_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(b, aes(x = b$c..aa....ap.., y = b$m_appels_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = b$m_appels_recus-b$sd_appels_recus, ymax = b$m_appels_recus+b$sd_appels_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-1,3)+
+    labs(title="Appels recus")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `b$m_appels_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_appels_recus` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-11-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+c<-data.frame(m_duree_appel, sd_duree_appel, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(c, aes(x = c$c..aa....ap.., y = c$m_duree_appel))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = c$m_duree_appel-c$sd_duree_appel, ymax = c$m_duree_appel+c$sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,2000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `c$m_duree_appel` is discouraged. Use `m_duree_appel` instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-12-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+d<-data.frame(m_messages_envoyes, sd_messages_envoyes, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(d, aes(x = d$c..aa....ap.., y = d$m_messages_envoyes))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = d$m_messages_envoyes-d$sd_messages_envoyes, ymax = d$m_messages_envoyes+d$sd_messages_envoyes)+ 
+    ylim(0,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages envoyes")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `d$m_messages_envoyes` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_envoyes`
+## instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-13-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+e<-data.frame(m_messages_recus, sd_messages_recus, c("aa", "ap"))
+ggplot(e, aes(x = e$c..aa....ap.., y = e$m_messages_recus))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = e$m_messages_recus-e$sd_messages_recus, ymax = e$m_messages_recus+e$sd_messages_recus)+ 
+    ylim(-2,12)+
+    labs(title="Messages recus")
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$c..aa....ap..` is discouraged. Use `c..aa....ap..` instead.
+```
+
+```
+## Warning: Use of `e$m_messages_recus` is discouraged. Use `m_messages_recus`
+## instead.
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-14-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+__Bilan : On voit des augmentations dans les appels et une diminution dans les messages mais les écarts types sont énormes__  
+  
+A mon avis, rien n'est significatif mais on peut s'entrainer sur un cas.  
+Comme il n'y a que 21 valeurs dans chaque groupe, je ne peux pas appliquer le théorème central limite. Je vais donc vérifier la distribution normale de chaque groupe ainsi que l'égalité des variances pour voir quel test statistique appliqué.  
+Prenons comme exemple la durée de l'appel.  
+
+```r
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"])
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"]
+## W = 0.53087, p-value = 3.968e-07
+```
+
+```r
+shapiro.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Shapiro-Wilk normality test
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 0.88753, p-value = 0.0202
+```
+Les tests de Shapiro-Wilk sont significatifs donc les distributions ne sont pas normales.  
+Utilisation de tests non paramétriques type Mann-Whitney :  
+
+```r
+wilcox.test(df$Duree_appel[df$add=="avant"],df$Duree_appel[df$add=="après"])
+```
+
+```
+## Warning in wilcox.test.default(df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"],
+## df$Duree_appel[df$add == : cannot compute exact p-value with ties
+```
+
+```
+## 
+## 	Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction
+## 
+## data:  df$Duree_appel[df$add == "avant"] and df$Duree_appel[df$add == "après"]
+## W = 140.5, p-value = 0.03965
+## alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
+```
+Ah ben en fait la durée des appels a significativement augmentée après le 17 mars 2020. Je ne suis pas super fort en statistiques donc j'espère que c'est correct. Aussi, 21 échantillons par groupe c'est pas mal pour un test non paramétrique.  
+  
+Du coup on va essayer de mettre une étoile sur le plot (ce qui n'est pas compris dans les fonctions ggplot).  
+Pour cela on va donc tester le code d'un ami disponible sur [Github](https://github.com/EvenStar69/significativity.bar).  
+
+```r
+#install.packages("devtools")
+library(devtools)
+```
+
+```
+## Loading required package: usethis
+```
+
+```r
+#Besoin de Rtools 3.5
+#install_github("EvenStar69/significativity.bar/significativity.bar")
+library(significativity.bar)
+```
+Bon j'ai dû un peu changer sa fonction parce qu'elle n'est plus compatible avec ggplot 3.3.  
+J'ai changé la manière de retrouver les coordonnées y : The position of ymax in ggplot\_build(plot)\$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7.  
+Et j'ai changé la manière de retrouver l'échalle en y : panel_ranges in ggplot\_build(plot)\$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel\_scale\_y instead.  
+J'ai aussi dû mettre à jour R vers la version 3.6.3.  
+Voici le code modifié de sa fonction :  
+
+```r
+significativity_bar <- function(plot, groups, text = "*", text_height = 0.0275, size_bar = 1, color_bar = "black", size_text = 8, color_text = "black", font_face = 1, font_style = "serif", line_type = "solid"){
+  
+  
+  
+  if (!require("ggplot2", character.only=T, quietly=T)){ # use library ggplot
+    
+    install.packages("ggplot2")
+    
+    library(ggplot2, character.only=T)
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(plot)[1] != "gg"){
+    
+    stop("Your input plot is not a ggplot")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (length(groups) != 2){
+    
+    stop("Please select only 2 groups between which you want the error bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.vector(groups)){
+    
+    stop("Please input your 2 selected groups in a vector")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(text)) {
+    
+    stop("Please input the text above the bar as character")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(text_height) | length(text_height) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text height")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_bar) | length(size_bar) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the bar size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_bar)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(size_text) | length(size_text) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the text size")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.numeric(font_face) | length(font_face) > 1){
+    
+    stop("Please input one numeric value for the font face")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(color_text)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing R color, as a character, for the color of the text")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(font_style)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing font family, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  if (!is.character(line_type)){
+    
+    stop("Please input an existing line style, as a character, for the color of the bar")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  if (text_height >=1){
+    
+    warning("text_height should be between 0 and 1, default value for * and around 0.04 for text are advised")
+    
+  }
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomPoint"){ # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] # get the coordinates of the points
+    
+    xcoords = c()
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x coordinates of all coordinates in a vector, for the 2 selected groups
+      
+      xcoord_temp = unique(coords$x)[i]
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    for (i in c(1,2)){
+      
+      ycoord_temp = max(coords[coords$x == xcoords[i],]$y) # get the y coordinate of the upper point of each group
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    # panel_ranges in ggplot_build(plot)$layout does not exist anymore ... use panel_scale_y instead
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range)) 
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) # final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + ((2.75/100)*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+    
+    
+  } else if (class(as.list.environment(plot$layers[[1]])$geom)[1] == "GeomBar") { # if the ggplot is a dotplot
+    
+    coords = ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]]
+    
+    xcoords = c()  
+    
+    ycoords = c()
+    
+    for (i in groups){ # get the x and y coordinates of the two groups                                      
+      
+      xcoord_temp = mean(c(coords[i,]$xmin, coords[i,]$xmax))
+      
+      xcoords = append(xcoords, xcoord_temp)
+      
+      ycoord_temp = coords[i,7] # The position of ymax in ggplot_build(plot)$data[[1]] changed from column 6 to 7
+      
+      ycoords = append(ycoords, ycoord_temp)
+      
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    y_range = ggplot_build(plot)$layout$panel_scales_y[[1]]$limits # get the total height of the y scale
+    
+    y_sum = sum(abs(y_range))
+    
+    y_scale = (7.5/100)*y_sum  # starting position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale)
+    
+    bar_height = y_scale + ((5/100)*y_sum) # final position of the vertical bar (determined % of the total y scale in addition to y_scale)
+    
+    
+    
+    ycoord_top = max(ycoords) # the bar should take the heighest of the two groups as a reference
+    
+    coord_bar = data.frame(x = c(xcoords[1], xcoords[1], xcoords[2], xcoords[2]), y = c(ycoord_top + y_scale, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + bar_height, ycoord_top + y_scale)) #  final coordinates of the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    star_x = mean(xcoords) # x coordinate of the text above the bar (in the middle of the two groups)
+    
+    star_y = ycoord_top + bar_height + (text_height*y_sum) # y coordinate of the text above the bar (above the bar by a determined factor)
+    
+    coord_star = c(star_x, star_y) # x,y coordinates of the text above the bar
+    
+    
+    
+    plot = plot + geom_path(data = coord_bar, aes(x=x, y=y), size = size_bar, color = color_bar, linetype = line_type) + annotate("text", x = star_x, y = star_y, label = text, size = size_text, color = color_text, fontface = font_face, family = font_style) # create the new ggplot
+    
+    print(plot)
+    
+  }
+  
+}
+```
+
+
+
+```r
+gg<- ggplot(c, aes(x = c..aa....ap.., y = as.numeric(m_duree_appel)))+
+    geom_bar(stat = "identity")+
+    geom_errorbar(ymin = m_duree_appel-sd_duree_appel, ymax = m_duree_appel+sd_duree_appel)+ 
+    ylim(-500,5000)+
+    labs(title="Duree appel")
+significativity_bar(gg, groups = c(1,2))
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-19-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+
+### Taux de réponses
+
+Cette partie c'est juste pour voir si je répond autant aux messages qu'on m'en envoie.  
+
+```r
+Ratio<-df$Messages_recus/df$Messages_envoyes
+#Remplacement des NaN et inf (division par 0) en 0.
+Ratio[is.na(Ratio)]<-0
+Ratio[is.infinite(Ratio)]<-0
+barplot(Ratio)
+```
+
+![](test-notebook_files/figure-latex/unnamed-chunk-20-1.pdf)<!-- --> 
+
+```r
+mean(Ratio)
+```
+
+```
+## [1] 1.067513
+```
+En moyenne c'est assez équilibré : je réponds autant de fois qu'on m'envoie un message.  
+
+## Conclusion
+
+__J'ai passé pas mal de temps à faire ça mais ça m'a permis de bien prendre en main l'outil.  
+Je conçois que mon étude est assez sale et que les manières de plotter ne sont vraiment pas optimisées mais ce n'était pas vraiment le but de l'exercice.__  
+  
+__Après avoir compilé, je n'ai pas pû le faire en pdf (des erreurs de polices qui ne passent pas avec LaTeX on dirait ...).  
+Aussi, j'ai remarqué qu'il fallait laissé un retour chariot après la visualisation du plot sinon le texte se met à côté dans le rendu.__

module3/Analyse syndrome grippal.Rmd

+---
+title: "Analyse de l'incidence du syndrome grippal"
+author: "Marc"
+date: "10/04/2020"
+output: html_document
+---
+
+```{r setup, include=FALSE}
+knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
+```
+
+Récupération des données à partir du site du réseau sentinelle.
+```{r}
+data_url = "https://www.sentiweb.fr/datasets/incidence-PAY-3.csv"
+```
+  
+Importer les données dans la variable data en sautant la première ligne de commentaire du fichier.  
+```{r}
+data = read.csv(data_url, skip=1)
+head(data)
+```
+
+Voir la fin du document :  
+```{r}
+tail(data)
+```
+
+Regarder s'il y a des données manquantes :  
+```{r}
+lignes_na = apply(data, 1, function(x) any(is.na(x)))
+data[lignes_na,]
+```
+Traverser data ligne par ligne (`data, 1`) et appliquer la fonction qui traverse colonne par colonne qui retourne tout (`any`) s'il y a valeur manquante (`is.na`).  
+`data[lignes_na,]` pour voir le contenu de ces lignes.  
+
+Quelles types de données ?  
+Pour la colonne semaine et la colonne indice :  
+```{r}
+class(data$week)
+class(data$inc)
+```
+Tous les deux sont des entiers (différent de la vidéo).  
+En fait la donnée manquante de inc a été remplacée par 0.  
+  
+Il faut que R comprenne que la 1ère colonne sont des dates.  
+Il nous faut donc la librairie `parsedate`.  
+```{r message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
+install.packages("parsedate")
+library("parsedate")
+```
+
+Création d'une fonction (`convert_week`) pour transformer la 1ère colonne en date.  
+```{r}
+convert_week = function(date){
+  ws = paste(date)
+  iso = paste0(substring(ws, 1, 4), "-W", substring(ws, 5, 6))
+  as.character(parse_iso_8601(iso))
+}
+```
+Appliquer la fonction à toute les lignes.  
+```{r}
+data$date = as.Date(sapply(data$week, convert_week))
+class(data$date)
+```
+Trier le jeu de données par ordre chronologique.  
+```{r}
+data = data[order(data$date),]
+head(data)
+```
+
+Est-ce que les lignes sont bien séparées d'1 semaine ?  
+```{r}
+all(diff(data$date) == 7)
+```
+On peut plotter les données :  
+```{r}
+with(data, plot(date, inc, type ="l"))
+```
+Le `with` spécifie juste que c'est de la variable `data` qu'il faut prendre (au lieu d'utiliser `data$date`).  
+  
+Appliquer seulement aux 200 derniers points :  
+```{r}
+with(tail(data, 200), plot(date, inc, type ="l"))
+```
+
+## L'analyse
+
+On va analyser d'années en années et non pas de semaine en semaine.  
+On va faire des années du 1er août au 1er août de chaque année pour ne pas tomber au milieu d'un pic.  
+On va faire une fonction pour ça :
+```{r}
+pic_annuel = function(annee){
+  debut = paste0(annee-1, "-08-01")
+  fin = paste0(annee, "-08-01")
+  semaines = data$date > debut & data$date <= fin 
+  sum(data$inc[semaines], na.rm = TRUE)
+}
+```
+L'année 1984 commence en hiver donc dans le pic donc il vaut mieux prendre des années à partir de 1985.  
+```{r}
+annees = 1985:2020
+```
+On va créer un nouveau tableau des incidences par année.  
+```{r}
+incidence_annuelle = data.frame(année = annees, incidence = sapply(annees, pic_annuel))
+head(incidence_annuelle)
+```
+
+```{r}
+plot(incidence_annuelle, type="p")
+```
+
+Voir les pics les plus importants en faisant un tri par l'incidence.  
+```{r}
+head(incidence_annuelle[order(-incidence_annuelle$incidence),])
+```
+
+Histogramme de la fréquence des incidences en 10 catégories.  
+```{r}
+hist(incidence_annuelle$incidence, breaks=10)
+```
+

module3/incidence-PAY-3.csv

+# @source="rseau Sentinelles, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit, http://www.sentiweb.fr", @meta={"period":[198444,202014],"geo":["PAY","1"],"geo_ref":"insee","indicator":"3","type":"all","conf_int":true,"compact":false}, @date=2020-04-10T17:15:59+02:00
+week,indicator,inc,inc_low,inc_up,inc100,inc100_low,inc100_up,geo_insee,geo_name
+202014,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,FR,France
+202013,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,FR,France
+202012,3,8321,5873,10769,13,9,17,FR,France
+202011,3,101704,93652,109756,154,142,166,FR,France
+202010,3,104977,96650,113304,159,146,172,FR,France
+202009,3,110696,102066,119326,168,155,181,FR,France
+202008,3,143753,133984,153522,218,203,233,FR,France
+202007,3,183610,172812,194408,279,263,295,FR,France
+202006,3,206669,195481,217857,314,297,331,FR,France
+202005,3,187957,177445,198469,285,269,301,FR,France
+202004,3,122331,113492,131170,186,173,199,FR,France
+202003,3,78413,71330,85496,119,108,130,FR,France
+202002,3,53614,47654,59574,81,72,90,FR,France
+202001,3,36850,31608,42092,56,48,64,FR,France
+201952,3,28135,23220,33050,43,36,50,FR,France
+201951,3,29786,25042,34530,45,38,52,FR,France
+201950,3,34223,29156,39290,52,44,60,FR,France
+201949,3,25662,21414,29910,39,33,45,FR,France
+201948,3,22367,18055,26679,34,27,41,FR,France
+201947,3,18669,14759,22579,28,22,34,FR,France
+201946,3,16030,12567,19493,24,19,29,FR,France
+201945,3,10138,7160,13116,15,10,20,FR,France
+201944,3,7822,5010,10634,12,8,16,FR,France
+201943,3,9487,6448,12526,14,9,19,FR,France
+201942,3,7747,5243,10251,12,8,16,FR,France
+201941,3,7122,4720,9524,11,7,15,FR,France
+201940,3,8505,5784,11226,13,9,17,FR,France
+201939,3,7091,4462,9720,11,7,15,FR,France
+201938,3,4897,2891,6903,7,4,10,FR,France
+201937,3,3172,1367,4977,5,2,8,FR,France
+201936,3,2295,728,3862,3,1,5,FR,France
+201935,3,1010,2,2018,2,0,4,FR,France
+201934,3,1672,279,3065,3,1,5,FR,France
+201933,3,1593,68,3118,2,0,4,FR,France
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+199539,3,18499,13844,23154,32,24,40,FR,France
+199538,3,13123,9410,16836,23,17,29,FR,France
+199537,3,4895,2666,7124,8,4,12,FR,France
+199536,3,3659,1574,5744,6,2,10,FR,France
+199535,3,2496,644,4348,4,1,7,FR,France
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+199533,3,905,0,2007,2,0,4,FR,France
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+199530,3,1898,46,3750,3,0,6,FR,France
+199529,3,2148,687,3609,4,1,7,FR,France
+199528,3,3312,1430,5194,6,3,9,FR,France
+199527,3,4853,2683,7023,8,4,12,FR,France
+199526,3,4986,2911,7061,9,5,13,FR,France
+199525,3,4571,2520,6622,8,4,12,FR,France
+199524,3,8058,5054,11062,14,9,19,FR,France
+199523,3,13820,9801,17839,24,17,31,FR,France
+199522,3,14124,9999,18249,24,17,31,FR,France
+199521,3,11931,8655,15207,21,15,27,FR,France
+199520,3,18846,14311,23381,33,25,41,FR,France
+199519,3,26261,21488,31034,45,37,53,FR,France
+199518,3,39231,33258,45204,68,58,78,FR,France
+199517,3,88640,79343,97937,153,137,169,FR,France
+199516,3,140488,129439,151537,243,224,262,FR,France
+199515,3,181007,169110,192904,313,292,334,FR,France
+199514,3,248704,235144,262264,431,408,454,FR,France
+199513,3,209839,197191,222487,363,341,385,FR,France
+199512,3,122434,112497,132371,212,195,229,FR,France
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+199509,3,39696,33259,46133,69,58,80,FR,France
+199508,3,38008,32225,43791,66,56,76,FR,France
+199507,3,30550,25479,35621,53,44,62,FR,France
+199506,3,37351,32007,42695,65,56,74,FR,France
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+199452,3,22036,17495,26577,38,30,46,FR,France
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+199450,3,28831,23470,34192,50,41,59,FR,France
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+199446,3,14252,10525,17979,25,19,31,FR,France
+199445,3,12152,8448,15856,21,15,27,FR,France
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+199442,3,14406,10653,18159,25,18,32,FR,France
+199441,3,14073,10341,17805,24,18,30,FR,France
+199440,3,15962,11850,20074,28,21,35,FR,France
+199439,3,15878,11643,20113,28,21,35,FR,France
+199438,3,15366,11100,19632,27,20,34,FR,France
+199437,3,5949,3561,8337,10,6,14,FR,France
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+199435,3,4556,2358,6754,8,4,12,FR,France
+199434,3,3459,1444,5474,6,2,10,FR,France
+199433,3,4272,977,7567,7,1,13,FR,France
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+199431,3,5027,1580,8474,9,3,15,FR,France
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+199427,3,713,0,1459,1,0,2,FR,France
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+199424,3,6288,3723,8853,11,7,15,FR,France
+199423,3,6440,1052,11828,11,2,20,FR,France
+199422,3,845,0,2449,1,0,4,FR,France
+199421,3,2197,395,3999,4,1,7,FR,France
+199420,3,2217,852,3582,4,2,6,FR,France
+199419,3,1483,406,2560,3,1,5,FR,France
+199418,3,3705,1940,5470,6,3,9,FR,France
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+199416,3,5156,3176,7136,9,6,12,FR,France
+199415,3,6952,4678,9226,12,8,16,FR,France
+199414,3,4671,2784,6558,8,5,11,FR,France
+199413,3,3343,1641,5045,6,3,9,FR,France
+199412,3,4305,2412,6198,7,4,10,FR,France
+199411,3,5399,3327,7471,9,5,13,FR,France
+199410,3,4548,2529,6567,8,4,12,FR,France
+199409,3,5635,3251,8019,10,6,14,FR,France
+199408,3,9539,6652,12426,17,12,22,FR,France
+199407,3,14639,11188,18090,25,19,31,FR,France
+199406,3,17308,13395,21221,30,23,37,FR,France
+199405,3,18489,14290,22688,32,25,39,FR,France
+199404,3,23712,19048,28376,41,33,49,FR,France
+199403,3,29882,24817,34947,52,43,61,FR,France
+199402,3,47402,41415,53389,82,72,92,FR,France
+199401,3,118119,108182,128056,205,188,222,FR,France
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+199342,3,19187,14893,23481,33,26,40,FR,France
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+199335,3,5589,3066,8112,10,6,14,FR,France
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+199329,3,3714,1668,5760,6,2,10,FR,France
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+199327,3,2574,918,4230,4,1,7,FR,France
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+199315,3,22181,17147,27215,39,30,48,FR,France
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+199253,3,56622,49107,64137,99,86,112,FR,France
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+199244,3,27619,22945,32293,48,40,56,FR,France
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+199241,3,24091,19953,28229,42,35,49,FR,France
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+199239,3,13535,10301,16769,24,18,30,FR,France
+199238,3,9837,7106,12568,17,12,22,FR,France
+199237,3,7480,5130,9830,13,9,17,FR,France
+199236,3,5155,2958,7352,9,5,13,FR,France
+199235,3,6383,3687,9079,11,6,16,FR,France
+199234,3,2953,922,4984,5,1,9,FR,France
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+199232,3,4963,2215,7711,9,4,14,FR,France
+199231,3,4233,1733,6733,7,3,11,FR,France
+199230,3,3091,1145,5037,5,2,8,FR,France
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+199227,3,5568,3134,8002,10,6,14,FR,France
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+199221,3,5059,2889,7229,9,5,13,FR,France
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+199216,3,5460,2934,7986,10,6,14,FR,France
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+199212,3,11752,7834,15670,21,14,28,FR,France
+199211,3,11689,7575,15803,20,13,27,FR,France
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+199017,3,5278,2197,8359,9,4,14,FR,France
+199016,3,8129,3754,12504,14,6,22,FR,France
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+199012,3,17035,11135,22935,30,20,40,FR,France
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+199009,3,21793,15460,28126,39,28,50,FR,France
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+199007,3,61742,49720,73764,109,88,130,FR,France
+199006,3,399984,353345,446623,707,625,789,FR,France
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+198945,3,22711,16999,28423,40,30,50,FR,France
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