A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the $\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X $\sim$ U(0,1)$ and $Y $\sim$ U (0,1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 $\le$ 1] = $\pi$/4$ (see ["Monte Carlo method" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach:
A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the $\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X \sim U(0,1)$ and $Y \sim U(0,1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 \le 1] = \pi/4$ (see ["Monte Carlo method" on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method)). The following code uses this approach: