Commit c8d941c5 authored by Alexandre Jesus's avatar Alexandre Jesus

Minor fixes

parent daf6d9d6
......@@ -5,37 +5,36 @@
My computer tells me that $\pi$ is approximately
#+BEGIN_SRC R :results output :exports both
#+begin_src R :results output :exports both
pi
#+END_SRC
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: [1] 3.141593
* Buffon's needle
Applying the method of Buffon's needle, we get the *approximation*
Applying the method of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon%2527s_needle_problem][Buffon's needle]], we get the *approximation*
#+BEGIN_SRC R :results output :exports both
#+begin_src R :results output :exports both
set.seed(42)
N = 100000
x = runif(N)
theta = pi/2*runif(N)
2/(mean(x+sin(theta)>1))
#+END_SRC
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: [1] 3.14327
* Using a surface fraction argument
A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin
function is based on the fact that if $X \sim U(0,1)$ and $Y \sim
U(0,1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 \le 1] = \pi/4$ (see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method]["Monte Carlo method"
on Wikipedia]]). The following code uses this approach
A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the
$\sin$ function is based on the fact that if $X \sim U(0,1)$ and $Y
\sim U(0,1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 \le 1] = \pi/4$ (see [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method]["Monte Carlo
method" on Wikipedia]]). The following code uses this approach
#+BEGIN_SRC R :session *R* :results output graphics :file "./pi.png" :exports both :width 600 :height 400
#+begin_src R :session *R* :results output graphics :file "./pi.png" :exports both :width 600 :height 400
set.seed(42)
N = 1000
df = data.frame(X = runif(N), Y = runif(N))
......@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ ggplot(df, aes(x=X,y=Y,color=Accept)) +
geom_point(alpha=.2) +
coord_fixed() +
theme_bw()
#+END_SRC
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
[[file:./pi.png]]
......@@ -54,9 +53,9 @@ It is then straightforward to obtain a (not really good) approximation
to $\pi$ by counting how many times, on average, $X^2 + Y^2$ is smaller
than 1:
#+BEGIN_SRC R :session *R* :results output :exports both
#+begin_src R :session *R* :results output :exports both
4*mean(df$Accept)
#+END_SRC
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: [1] 3.156
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