Skip to content

M
mooc-rr
Commit 28ea4a3b authored by Clément Courageux's avatar Clément Courageux
Browse files
Options

first exo

parent d5f829ad
Hide whitespace changes
Inline Side-by-side
Showing with 452 additions and 6 deletions
module2/exo1/toy_document_orgmode_python_fr.html 0 → 100644
View file @ 28ea4a3b
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">
<head>
<!-- 2020-04-01 Wed 10:17 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>À propos du calcul de &pi;</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org mode" />
<meta name="author" content="Clément" />
<style type="text/css">
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
.title { text-align: center;
margin-bottom: .2em; }
.subtitle { text-align: center;
font-size: medium;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top:0; }
.todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; }
.done { font-family: monospace; color: green; }
.priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; }
.tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace;
padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; }
.timestamp { color: #bebebe; }
.timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; }
.org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
.org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; }
.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
p.verse { margin-left: 3%; }
pre {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 3px #eee;
padding: 8pt;
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
margin: 1.2em;
}
pre.src {
position: relative;
overflow: visible;
padding-top: 1.2em;
}
pre.src:before {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: white;
top: -10px;
right: 10px;
padding: 3px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
pre.src:hover:before { display: inline;}
/* Languages per Org manual */
pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
/* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
/* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; }
pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; }
/* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute"
in ob-*.el */
pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; }
pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; }
pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; }
pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; }
/* additional language identifiers from org-babel-shell-names in
ob-shell.el: ob-shell is the only babel language using a lambda to put
the execution function name together. */
pre.src-bash:before { content: 'bash'; }
pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; }
pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; }
pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; }
pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; }
pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; }
pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; }
/* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */
pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; }
pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; }
pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; }
pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; }
pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; }
pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; }
pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; }
pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; }
pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; }
pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; }
pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; }
pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; }
pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; }
pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; }
pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; }
pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; }
pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; }
pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; }
pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; }
pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; }
/* add a generic configuration mode; LaTeX export needs an additional
(add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */
pre.src-conf:before { content: 'Configuration File'; }
table { border-collapse:collapse; }
caption.t-above { caption-side: top; }
caption.t-bottom { caption-side: bottom; }
td, th { vertical-align:top; }
th.org-right { text-align: center; }
th.org-left { text-align: center; }
th.org-center { text-align: center; }
td.org-right { text-align: right; }
td.org-left { text-align: left; }
td.org-center { text-align: center; }
dt { font-weight: bold; }
.footpara { display: inline; }
.footdef { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.figure { padding: 1em; }
.figure p { text-align: center; }
.equation-container {
display: table;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
.equation {
vertical-align: middle;
}
.equation-label {
display: table-cell;
text-align: right;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.inlinetask {
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid gray;
margin: 10px;
background: #ffffcc;
}
#org-div-home-and-up
{ text-align: right; font-size: 70%; white-space: nowrap; }
textarea { overflow-x: auto; }
.linenr { font-size: smaller }
.code-highlighted { background-color: #ffff00; }
.org-info-js_info-navigation { border-style: none; }
#org-info-js_console-label
{ font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; }
.org-info-js_search-highlight
{ background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; }
.org-svg { width: 90%; }
/*]]>*/-->
</style>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/js/readtheorg.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this tag.
Copyright (C) 2012-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice
for the JavaScript code in this tag.
*/
<!--/*--><![CDATA[/*><!--*/
function CodeHighlightOn(elem, id)
{
var target = document.getElementById(id);
if(null != target) {
elem.cacheClassElem = elem.className;
elem.cacheClassTarget = target.className;
target.className = "code-highlighted";
elem.className = "code-highlighted";
}
}
function CodeHighlightOff(elem, id)
{
var target = document.getElementById(id);
if(elem.cacheClassElem)
elem.className = elem.cacheClassElem;
if(elem.cacheClassTarget)
target.className = elem.cacheClassTarget;
}
/*]]>*///-->
</script>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
displayAlign: "center",
displayIndent: "0em",
"HTML-CSS": { scale: 100,
linebreaks: { automatic: "false" },
webFont: "TeX"
},
SVG: {scale: 100,
linebreaks: { automatic: "false" },
font: "TeX"},
NativeMML: {scale: 100},
TeX: { equationNumbers: {autoNumber: "AMS"},
MultLineWidth: "85%",
TagSide: "right",
TagIndent: ".8em"
}
});
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">À propos du calcul de &pi;</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table des matières</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org3de6e6c">1. En demandant à la lib maths</a></li>
<li><a href="#org833fcbb">2. En utilisant la méthode des aiguilles de Buffon</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9658f1f">3. Avec un argument "fréquentiel" de surface</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org3de6e6c" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org3de6e6c"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> En demandant à la lib maths</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
Mon ordinateur m'indique que &pi; vaut <i>approximativement</i> :
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-python"><span style="color: #0000FF;">from</span> math <span style="color: #0000FF;">import</span> *
pi
</pre>
</div>
<pre class="example">
3.141592653589793
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org833fcbb" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org833fcbb"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> En utilisant la méthode des aiguilles de Buffon</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
Mais calculé avec la <b>méthode</b> des <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiguille_de_Buffon">aiguilles de Buffon</a>, on obtiendrait comme
<b>approximation</b> :
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-python"><span style="color: #0000FF;">import</span> numpy <span style="color: #0000FF;">as</span> np
np.random.seed(seed=42)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">N</span> = 10000
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">x</span> = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">theta</span> = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=pi/2)
2/(<span style="color: #006FE0;">sum</span>((x+np.sin(theta))&gt;1)/N)
</pre>
</div>
<pre class="example">
3.128911138923655
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9658f1f" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org9658f1f"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Avec un argument "fréquentiel" de surface</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
Sinon, une méthode plus simple à comprendre et ne faisant pas intervenir d'appel
à la fonction sinus se base sur le fait que si \(X \sim U(0,1)\) et \(Y \sim U(0,1)\)
alors \(P[X^2+Y^2 \leq1] = \pi/4\) (voir
<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_de_Monte-Carlo#D%C3%A9termination_de_la_valeur_de_%CF%80">méthode
yde Monte Carlo</a> sur Wikipedia). Le code suivant illustre ce fait :
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-python"><span style="color: #0000FF;">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style="color: #0000FF;">as</span> plt
np.random.seed(seed=42)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">N</span> = 1000
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">x</span> = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">y</span> = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">accept</span> = (x*x+y*y) &lt;= 1
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">reject</span> = np.logical_not(accept)
<span style="color: #BA36A5;">fig</span>, <span style="color: #BA36A5;">ax</span> = plt.subplots(1)
ax.scatter(x[accept], y[accept], c=<span style="color: #008000;">'b'</span>, alpha=0.2, edgecolor=<span style="color: #D0372D;">None</span>)
ax.scatter(x[reject], y[reject], c=<span style="color: #008000;">'r'</span>, alpha=0.2, edgecolor=<span style="color: #D0372D;">None</span>)
ax.set_aspect(<span style="color: #008000;">'equal'</span>)
plt.savefig(matplot_lib_filename)
matplot_lib_filename
</pre>
</div>
<p>
<img src="fige.png" alt="fige.png" />
Il est alors aisé d'obtenir une approximation (pas terrible) de &pi; en comptant
combien de fois, en moyenne, \(X^2+Y^2\) est inférieur à 1 :
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-python">4*np.mean(accept)
</pre>
</div>
<pre class="example">
3.112
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="date">Date: 01/04/2020</p>
<p class="author">Auteur: Clément</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2020-04-01 Wed 10:17</p>
<p class="validation"><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
module2/exo1/toy_document_orgmode_python_fr.org
View file @ 28ea4a3b
#+TITLE: Votre titre #+TITLE: À propos du calcul de \pi
#+AUTHOR: Votre nom #+AUTHOR: Clément
#+DATE: La date du jour #+DATE: 01/04/2020
#+LANGUAGE: fr #+LANGUAGE: fr
# #+PROPERTY: header-args :eval never-export # #+PROPERTY: header-args :eval never-export
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/htmlize.css"/> # #+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/htmlize.css"/>
#+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/readtheorg.css"/> # #+HTML_HEAD: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/css/readtheorg.css"/>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.4/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/lib/js/jquery.stickytableheaders.js"></script>
#+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/js/readtheorg.js"></script> #+HTML_HEAD: <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.pirilampo.org/styles/readtheorg/js/readtheorg.js"></script>
* Quelques explications * En demandant à la lib maths
Mon ordinateur m'indique que \pi vaut /approximativement/ :
#+begin_src python :session :exports both
from math import *
pi
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: 3.141592653589793
* En utilisant la méthode des aiguilles de Buffon
Mais calculé avec la *méthode* des [[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiguille_de_Buffon][aiguilles de Buffon]], on obtiendrait comme
*approximation* :
#+begin_src python :session :exports both
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(seed=42)
N = 10000
x = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
theta = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=pi/2)
2/(sum((x+np.sin(theta))>1)/N)
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: 3.128911138923655
* Avec un argument "fréquentiel" de surface
Sinon, une méthode plus simple à comprendre et ne faisant pas intervenir d'appel
à la fonction sinus se base sur le fait que si \(X \sim U(0,1)\) et \(Y \sim U(0,1)\)
alors \(P[X^2+Y^2 \leq1] = \pi/4\) (voir
[[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_de_Monte-Carlo#D%C3%A9termination_de_la_valeur_de_%CF%80][méthode
yde Monte Carlo]] sur Wikipedia). Le code suivant illustre ce fait :
#+begin_src python :exports both :session :var matplot_lib_filename="fige.png" :results file
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
np.random.seed(seed=42)
N = 1000
x = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
y = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)
accept = (x*x+y*y) <= 1
reject = np.logical_not(accept)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
ax.scatter(x[accept], y[accept], c='b', alpha=0.2, edgecolor=None)
ax.scatter(x[reject], y[reject], c='r', alpha=0.2, edgecolor=None)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
plt.savefig(matplot_lib_filename)
matplot_lib_filename
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
[[file:fige.png]]
Il est alors aisé d'obtenir une approximation (pas terrible) de \pi en comptant
combien de fois, en moyenne, \(X^2+Y^2\) est inférieur à 1 :
#+begin_src python :results output :session :exports both
4*np.mean(accept)
#+end_src
#+RESULTS:
: 3.112
* Quelques explications :noexport:
Ceci est un document org-mode avec quelques exemples de code Ceci est un document org-mode avec quelques exemples de code
python. Une fois ouvert dans emacs, ce document peut aisément être python. Une fois ouvert dans emacs, ce document peut aisément être
......
Markdown is supported
0% or
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment