*[False] has. Unpublished computational proceduresb. Pressure from government or industry lobbyists who wish to build on the study in question
*[Correct] vs. Data used in the study was not released
*[False] Experts disagree
2. In the various examples presented (economics, MRI, crystallography), what are the main causes of errors?
*Answer*
*[Correct] has. Data acquisition (bias, machine calibration, etc.)
*[Correct] b. Computation errorsvs.
*[Correct] Inadequate data processing or statisticsd.
*[False] It's all about interpretation, error is inevitable.
3. What are the consequences of lack of transparency?
*Answer*
*[Correct] has. It's difficult to rely on the work of othersb.
*[Correct] Articles contain less information (no details on calculations, experimental protocols, data analysis, etc.) and are therefore easier to readvs.
*[Correct] It is difficult to verify and reproduce the analyzes presented in the articlesd.
*[Correct] Two articles may present results that seem to contradict each other, but are both perfectly correct, as the lack of detail prevents the exact conditions of application from being determinede.
*[False] Hiding the data used in the studies, we "guarantee" a certain anonymity to the people who may appear in these studies
## Quiz 08 (2/3 points)
1. What are the main technical causes behind the difficulties in reproducing someone else's work?
*Answer*
*[Correct]a. The use of open source software:
*[Correct]b. Lack of documentation on the choices made
*[False] c. Interactive graphical software that hide computation details
*[False] d. The overload of information because it is very difficult to find what you are looking for
*[Correct]e. Computation errors
*[Correct]f. Data loss (no backup or no more readable format)
***correction***
*[False]a. The use of open source software:
*[Correct]b. Lack of documentation on the choices made
*[Correct] c. Interactive graphical software that hide computation details
*[False] d. The overload of information because it is very difficult to find what you are looking for
*[Correct]e. Computation errors
*[Correct]f. Data loss (no backup or no more readable format)
2. Which solutions are mentioned
*Answer*
*[Correct]a. Using a laboratory notebook
*[False] b. Using spreadsheets
*[Correct]c. Code review and continuous integratio
*[Correct]d. Using version control systems and several backup mechanisms
3. What are the most legitimate/valid fears associated with the systematic disclosure of data (open data) ?
*Answer*
*[False]a. Be seen as a fool because others may then find your mistakes.:
*[False]b. Someone could benefit from my work.
*[Correct]c. Some information may be sensitive and its disclosure may hurt people.:
*[Correct]d. My resources are limited. If I systematically host all this data on the web page provided by my employer, I am likely to quickly exceed my quota.:
## Quiz 09 (1/2 points)
1. What is commonly found in a computational document?
*Answer*
* a. Commentaries
* b. Code
* c. An overview of data
* e. Computational results
* f. Hypertext links
* g. Images
2. What does a computational document allow?
*Answer*
* a. Inspect the computations
* b. Easily re-run the computations if the original environment is available
* c. Document the code
* d. Explain why a particular computation is made based on the data analysis so far
***correction***
* a. Inspect the computations
* b. Easily re-run the computations if the original environment is available
* c. Document the code
* d. Explain why a particular computation is made based on the data analysis so far
* e. Perform non-regression tests in a systematic way
## 2.4. Familiarization with the tools
### 2.4A Get started with Jupyter tool
## QuizP 01 (3/3 points)
1. What does an environment like Jupyter provide in comparison to working in the Python console or running R scripts directly?
*Answer*
* a. It provides a well-structured history of the analyses performed.
* b. It allows you to inspect data, keep a history of this inspection, and explain the transformations you perform as you go along.
* c. It saves intermediate results, whether textual or graphical.
* e. It allows you to generate documents in HTML or PDF .
* f. It allows you to ensure that a figure is the result of the computation described in the document.
2. In Jupyter, what features are provided for the Python language but not available for the R language?
*Answer*
* f. There are the same features for both languages
3. What allows you to be effective in an environment like Jupyter?
*Answer*
* a. The export functions and the ability to easily re-run the code from the beginning
