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parent 717f4917
{
"cells": [],
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# ** À propos du calcul de $\\pi$**\n",
"\n",
"## ** En demandant à la lib maths**\n",
"\n",
"Mon ordinateur m'indique que $\\pi$ vaut *approximativement*\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from math import *\n",
"print(pi)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"## ** En utilisant la méthode des aiguilles de Buffon**\n",
"\n",
"Mais calculé avec la **méthode** des https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiguille_de_Buffon - automatic!, on obtiendrait comme **approximation** :\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import numpy as np\n",
"np.random.seed(seed=42)\n",
"N = 10000\n",
"x = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n",
"theta = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=np.pi/2)\n",
"2/(sum((x+np.sin(theta))>1)/N)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"\n",
"## ** Avec un argument \"fréquentiel\" de surface**\n",
"\n",
"Sinon, une méthode plus simple à comprendre et ne faisant pas intervenir d’appel à la fonction sinus se base sur le fait que si *$X \\sim U*(0,1)$ et *$Y \\sim U*(0,1)$ alors $P[X^2+Y^2<=1]=\\pi/4$ (voir https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_de_Monte-Carlo#D%C3%A9termination_de_la_valeur_de_%CF%80). Le code suivant illustre ce fait :\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%matplotlib inline\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"np.random.seed(seed=42)\n",
"N = 1000\n",
"x = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n",
"y = np.random.uniform(size=N, low=0, high=1)\n",
"1\n",
"accept = (x*x+y*y) <= 1\n",
"reject = np.logical_not(accept)\n",
"fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)\n",
"ax.scatter(x[accept], y[accept], c='b', alpha=0.2, edgecolor=None)\n",
"ax.scatter(x[reject], y[reject], c='r', alpha=0.2, edgecolor=None)\n",
"ax.set_aspect('equal')\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
" Il est alors aisé d'obtenir une approximation (pas terrible) de $\\pi$ en comptant combien de fois en moyenne $X^2+Y^2$ est inférieur à 1 :\n",
" "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"4*np.mean(accept)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
......@@ -16,10 +110,9 @@
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.6.3"
"version": "3.6.4"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
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