"A method that is easier to understand and does not make use of the sin function is based on the fact that if $X ∼ U(0, 1)$ and $Y ∼ U(0, 1)$, then $P[X^2 + Y^2 ≤ 1] = \\pi/4$ (see [\"Monte Carlo method\" on Wikipedia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method). The following code uses this approach:\n"